Table 2.

Comparison of Pain and Disability of the Neck and Shoulder Between 2 Groups

	Groups (Mean ± SD)		P1	95% CI for Cohen's d Effect Size		Cohen's d Effect Size e	P2 (Treatment)	P3 (Time)	P4 (Treatment and Time)
Variables	Comparison (n = 25)	Intervention (n = 25)		Lower	Upper
Numeric Pain Scale (NPS)
Before	7.2 ± 1.89	7.8 ± 1.78	.254	−0.462	1.116	0.327
Immediately after	5.48 ± 1.5	4.52 ± 1.08	.013	−1.545	0.075	−0.735	<.001	<.001	<.001
After 1 month	6.4 ± 1.89	4.76 ± 1.92	.004	−1.68	−0.041	−0.861
Neck disability (NDI)
Before	17.4 ± 4.83	20.36 ± 3.82	.021	−0.127	1.486	0.68
Immediately after	12.88 ± 4.19	9.68 ± 1.4	.001	−1.858	−0.191	−1.024	<.001	<.001	<.001
After 1 month	15.4 ± 5.08	10.72 ± 1.51	<.001	−2.106	−0.392	−1.249
Shoulder pain (SPADI)
Before	30.4 ± 8.78	34.8 ± 8.81	.083	−0.296	1.296	0.5
Immediately after	24.24 ± 7.11	22.08 ± 6.92	.282	−1.097	0.481	−0.308	<.001	<.001	.043
After 1 month	26.64 ± 8.26	21.44 ± 4.51	.009	−1.595	0.032	−0.781
Shoulder disability (SPADI)
Before	36.84 ± 10.89	42.12 ± 14.3	.149	−0.377	1.208	0.415
Immediately after	28.48 ± 8.69	24.68 ± 8.33	.121	−1.24	0.347	−0.446	<.001	<.001	.114
After 1 month	31.2 ± 9.97	25.92 ± 8.67	.052	−1.365	0.234	−0.565

P1 indicates independent t test (P < .017 is significant). P2-P3-P4 indicates GLM (P < .05 is significant).

GLM, Generalized Linear Model; NPS, Numeric Pain Scale; NDI, Neck Disability Index; SPADI, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.