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. 2023 Sep 2;22(4):275–283. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2023.07.001

Table 3.

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Variables Levene Statistic Significance
NPRS 0.732 .402
sEMG R1 0.152 .7
sEMG L1 0.512 .482
sEMG R2 0.2 .659
sEMG L2 0.12 .732
ODI 0.054 .819
GPSQI 2.9 .104
FABQ-PA 0.004 .948
FABQ-W 0.018 .896
CE (cm) 3.491 .076

CE, chest expansion (in cm); FABQ-PA, Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire physical activity; FABQ-W, Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire work score; GPSQI, Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score; NPRS, numerical pain rating scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index score; sEMG R1, L1, R2, and L2, surface electromyography for right and left transverse abdominus during tuck in (1) and curl up against maximal resistance (2), respectively.