Table 4.
Outcome Measures
| Study | Outcome Measures | CG Pretreatment | CG Posttreatment | EG Pretreatment | EG Posttreatment | Effect Size (Cohen's d) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| del Pozo-Cruz et al, 201124 N = 49 CG = 24 EG = 25 |
Postural stability: Anteroposterior stability index Mediolateral stability index |
0.57 ± 0.40 0.47 ± 0.36 |
0.57 ± 0.40 0.47 ± 0.37 |
0.52 ± 0.22 0.33 ± 0.17 |
0.41 ± 0.95 0.30 ± 0.21 |
0.219518 0.565099 |
.031 .422 |
| Wang et al, 201925 N = 89 CG = 44 EG = 45 |
Trunk proprioception: Joint position sense In flexion In extension |
3.96 (3.22, 4.7) 3.06 (2.37, 3.74) |
3.67 (3.12, 4.21) 2.76 (2.26, 3.26) |
3.55 (2.82, 4.28) 2.96 (2.28, 3.64) |
1.91 (1.36, 2.44) 1.66 (1.17, 2.15) |
-1.14 -0.78 |
.005 .036 |
| Kim et al, 201826 N = 28 HVG =14 VVG =14 |
Standing balance control score: Anteroposterior stability index Mediolateral stability index |
- - |
- - |
VVG: 4.00 ± 0.80 3.89 ± 1.79 |
VVG: 2.52 ± 0.71 2.25 ± 0.79 |
1.956792 1.185391 |
.000 .001 |
| Yang et al, 201527 N = 40 CG = 20 EG = 20 |
Static balance: Fall index |
23.40 ± 12.73 |
21.69 ± 12.68 |
30.59 ± 14.97 |
21.80 ± 10.39 |
0.00949 |
<.05 |
| Wegener et al, 201928 N = 33 CG = 16 EG = 17 |
Balance and postural stability: STI in standing STI in sitting SMI in standing SMI in sitting SI in standing (left) SI in standing (right) SI in sitting (left) SI in sitting (right) |
5.6 ± 1.5 4.9 ± 2.9 5.0 ± 1.5 4.1 ± 2.7 50.7 ± 7.5 49.3 ± 7.5 44.5 ± 15.1 55.5 ± 15.1 |
4.8 ± 1.4 2.6 ± 2.3 4.0 ± 1.2 2.0 ± 1.8 49.3 ± 10.3 50.8 ± 10.3 45.9 ± 17.5 54.1 ± 17.5 |
5.0 ± 1.0 3.9 ± 2.1 4.0 ± 1.2 2.9 ± 1.9 47.8 ± 13.0 52.2 ± 13.0 51.7 ± 22.0 48.3 ± 22.0 |
4.4 ± 1.1 2.9 ± 2.4 3.4 ± 1.2 2.0 ± 1.6 52.2 ± 14.4 47.8 ± 14.4 48.3 ± 21.9 51.7 ± 21.9 |
0.317721 0.127631 0.5 0 0.231648 0.239636 0.121075 0.121075 |
.885 .51 .493 .217 .718 .718 .773 .773 |
| Jung et al, 202029 N = 50 CG = 25 EG = 25 |
Trunk proprioception: Repositioning error |
2.80 ± 1.00 |
2.16 ± 0.99 |
2.72 ± 0.79 |
1.40 ± 0.58 |
0.936738 |
1.20 |
| Sajadi et al, 201930 (randomized crossover trial) N = 24 |
Position sense: Repositioning error In neutral In 30% of lumbar flexion In 60% of lumbar flexion |
- - - |
- - - |
LFG: -2.91 (.57) 13.6 (1.97) 29.7 (3.97) |
LFG: -1.47 (.88) 14.6 (1.47) 28.48 (2.78) |
1.942314 0.57535 0.355992 |
<.001 .05 .004 |
All values extracted are in the form of mean (standard deviation) or mean (95% confidence interval). P values <.05 are considered statistically significant.
CG, control group; EG, experimental group; HFG, high-frequency group; HVG, horizontal vibration group; LFG, low-frequency group; SI, symmetry index; SMI, sensorimotor index; STI, stability index; VVG, vertical vibration group.