Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics
| Variable | N | Entire cohort (N = 100) | ACU (N = 51) | SC (N = 49) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 100 | 58.3 (±10.7) | 55.6 (±11.4) | 61.0 (±9.3) | .011 |
| Female | 100 | 29 (29%) | 15 (29%) | 14 (29%) | .926 |
| Race—White | 100 | 86 (86%) | 44 (86%) | 42 (86%) | .097 |
| Body mass index | 100 | 27.4 ± 5.2 | 27.0 ± 5.3 | 26.9 ± 5.0 | .332 |
| CHADS2 score | 100 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | .198 |
| Creatinine level | 100 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | .704 |
| LVEF (%) | 100 | 65.0 (61.5, 69.0) | 65.0 (60.0, 67.0) | 65.9 (63.0, 69.0) | .137 |
| Left atrial size | 100 | 4.0 (3.7, 4.7) | 4.0 (3.9, 4.9) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.6) | .416 |
| Diabetes | 100 | 6 (6.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 5 (10.2%) | .083 |
| Current smoker | 100 | 3 (3.0%) | 2 (3.9%) | 1 (2.0%) | .582 |
| Renal failure | 100 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 100 | 46 (46%) | 24 (47.1%) | 22 (44.9%) | .828 |
| Hypertension | 100 | 45 (45%) | 22 (43.1%) | 23 (46.9%) | .702 |
| Chronic lung disease | 100 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 100 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 100 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Prior stroke | 100 | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | .305 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 97 | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4.3%) | .132 |
| Congestive heart failure | 100 | 10 (10%) | 4 (7.8%) | 6 (12.2%) | .463 |
| Coronary artery disease | 91 | 6 (6.6%) | 3 (6.5%) | 3 (6.7%) | .978 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n (%), or median (interquartile range). ACU, Acupuncture arm; SC, standard care; CHADS2, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, gender; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.