Objectives	To describe the natural history and spectrum of AIDS–defining and non–AIDS-defining neoplasms in the setting of underlying HIV infection, viral co-infection(s), and associated risk behaviours To be able to extrapolate treatment approaches with appropriate knowledge of tumour stage and clinical and immune status of the patient
Key Concepts	Demonstrate an understanding of: Conceptual framework comprised of basic epidemiology, pertinent disease pathogenesis, natural history, clinical manifestations and general orientation to therapeutic and/or preventive approach of the different AIDS-defining tumour types—Kaposi's sarcoma (KS); non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including primary central nervous system lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma; and cervical cancer  Conceptual framework of the different non–AIDS-defining tumour types, especially Hodgkin's lymphoma, anal cancer, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, hepatocellular cancer, and lung cancer in certain settings  Disease pathogenesis by virtue of coinfection with other tumorigenic viruses (eg, KS-associated herpes virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B/C virus) in the backdrop of HIV infection  Differences in clinicopathologic and molecular characterisation, disease patterns and natural history of KS (eg, classical v endemic v epidemic v transplant less important) and NHL (eg, HIV-associated v non–HIV-associated v endemic Burkitt lymphoma)  Thoughtful clinical assessment of tumour stage and immune status in selecting and optimising therapeutic approaches to the HIV-infected patient with cancer  cART, monitoring of viral replication and immune status Suitable therapeutic approaches using all modalities of cancer therapy for all tumour types including emerging contemporary modalities (eg, radiation, haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation) even in sub-Saharan Africa and/or referral in select instances to international centres  Supportive and palliative care interventions and hospice referral  Suitable prevention strategies, including modifying risk behaviours  Systems-based knowledge and multidisciplinary team approaches in the management of patients with AIDS-associated malignancies  cART treatment, drugs, monitoring, and OI prophylaxis strategies  Systemic chemotherapy and/or other drug classes of anti-cancer agents  The safety profiles of cART and systemic chemotherapy and the management thereof  The identification of the access to new strategies of care for HIV infection and cancer through access to clinical trials and other appropriate supportive interventions that may be available and are expanding globally through international partnerships
Skills	Demonstrate the ability to: Select appropriate therapy in the context of tumour stage, clinical and immune status, and/or appropriate palliative care and hospice referral  Participate actively in a variety of settings (outpatient clinics, inpatient wards, multidisciplinary tumour boards, women's health clinics and HIV clinics) to gain access to the spectrum of cases of malignant disease encountered in the backdrop of HIV infection  Perform a thorough history and physical examination, including nuanced history and sentinel physical examination findings indicative of HIV risk behaviours and/or stigmata of HIV disease and associated neoplasms  Present and discuss the cases  Practise shared clinical decision making along the continuum of care from prevention and counselling to diagnostic, therapeutic (HIV therapy and anti-cancer therapy across all modalities), and palliative care and end-of-life decision making  Apply clinical recommendations across the continuum of care based on understanding of performance status, tumour stage, clinical status and comorbid conditions, and immune status Select, communicate and prescribe systemic therapy in the context of underlying immunosuppression and cancer status Participate in multidisciplinary team approaches to the management of patients with AIDS-associated malignancies including in select instances referral to regional and/or international centres  Discuss the collection of biosamples as part of emerging clinical/translational research pursuits  Use various databases (eg, tumour and/or matched HIV infection registries; global tumour repositories including genomic profiles)