Objectives	To describe the importance of promoting sustainable, equitable quality cancer control and care, including factors that influence access to cancer services in resource constrained settings
Key Concepts	Demonstrate an understanding:  That care planning needs to be sensitive to economic costs to health care services and to individual payers  That value is a function of both cost and the magnitude of clinical benefit  That oncologists have a stewardship responsibility to promote responsible use of limited health care resources  That oncologists have a social responsibility to promote equitable access to quality cancer care, irrespective of sex, race, gender identity, sexual orientation, and social status  Of the economic costs of cancer care, at an individual and health systems level  Of the extent and factors that influence local and global disparities regarding access to cancer control and care  Of the economic costs of care for patients and their families
Skills	Demonstrate the ability to:  Apply the approaches to evaluate the value off anti-cancer treatments, including the use and limitations of quality adjusted life years  Predict the extent and limitations of local health care coverage for the costs of cancer care and the extent of patient exposure to financial toxicity  Use the tools to evaluate magnitude of clinical benefit such as the ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale and the ASCO Value Framework  Discuss the regulatory processes for the licencing of new treatments and the differences between conditional/accelerated approval (which require confirmatory studies) and full approval status  Use Health Technology Assessment approaches to evaluate relative value and, in some countries, to make decisions regarding the reimbursement or national insurance coverage of new treatments  Perform an unbiased evaluation regarding the magnitude of clinical benefit and the value of new treatments  Discuss the role of biosimilars and an approach to reduce the cost of care  Apply the World Health Organization Essential Medicines List in oncology and understand the process involved in developing this list  Discuss the economics of oncology therapeutics industry Apply “Choosing Wisely” and understand its development process and local recommendations