Table 2.
Operative data for the Norwood procedure, BCPC, and TCPC
| Variable | Group N (N = 23) | Group I (N = 23) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Norwood procedure, d, median (IQR) | 8 (3-16) | 112 (78-144) | <.0001 |
| Weight at Norwood procedure, kg, median (IQR) | 2.9 (2.55-3.17) | 4.4 (3.83-5.00) | <.0001 |
| Rapid 2-stage Norwood procedure, n/N (%) | 6/23 (26) | − | − |
| Interval between BPAB and Norwood procedure, d, median (IQR) | 14 (6-24)∗ | 97 (86-141) | − |
| Operative time, min, median (IQR) | 393 (318-438) | 554 (483-619) | <.0001 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time, min, median (IQR) | 229 (171-263) | 332 (273-397) | <.0001 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time, min, median (IQR) | 83 (71-108) | 87 (70-105) | .74 |
| Lower body circulatory arrest time, min, median (IQR) | 72 (61-79) | 78 (66-101) | .23 |
| Blalock–Taussig–Thomas shunt, n/N (%) | 5/23 (22) | 7/23 (30) | .74 |
| 3.5 mm | 3 | – | |
| 4.0 mm | 2 | 6 | |
| 5.0 mm | – | 1 | |
| RV-PA shunt, n (%) | 18/23 (78) | 16/23 (70) | .74 |
| 5.0 mm | 9 | 1 | |
| 6.0 mm | 9 | 7 | |
| 7.0 mm | — | 3 | |
| 8.0 mm | — | 5 | |
| Postoperative ECMO support, n/N (%) | 4/23 (17) | 6/23 (26) | .72 |
| Survival rate of the Norwood procedure, n/N (%) | 21/23 (91.3) | 21/23 (91.3) | 1.00 |
| Interstage mortality before BCPC, n/N (%) | 2/20 (10) | 1/17 (5.9) | .99 |
| Age at BCPC, mo, median (IQR) | 4.6 (3.7-7.2) | 9.4 (7.0-15.7) | .01 |
| Body weight at BCPC, kg, median (IQR) | 4.9 (4.1-7.2) | 5.8 (4.7-7.4) | .31 |
| PA augmentation, n/N (%) | 5/17 (29.4) | 6/16 (37.5) | .72 |
| Survival rate of BCPC, n/N (%) | 16/17 (94.1) | 15/16 (93.8) | .99 |
| Interstage mortality before TCPC, n/N (%) | 1/16 (6.3) | 0/12 (0) | .99 |
| Age at TCPC, y, median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) | 3.3 (2.1-4.3) | .004 |
| Body weight at TCPC, kg, median (IQR) | 9.0 (7.7-10.8) | 10.8 (9.7-12.3) | .14 |
| Fontan completion rate, n/N (%) | 14/18 (77.8) | 12/14 (85.7) | .67 |
| PA augmentation, n/N (%) | 3/14 (21.4) | 2/12 (16.7) | .99 |
| Survival rate of TCPC, n/N (%) | 13/14 (92.9) | 11/12 (91.7) | .99 |
IQR, Interquartile range; BPAB, bilateral pulmonary artery banding; RV, right ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; BCPC, bidirectional cavopulmonary connection; TCPC, total cavopulmonary connection.
∗
Six cases.