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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Radiol Prot. 2014 Apr 14;34(2):363–388. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/34/2/363

Table 5.

Normalized CTDIw (mGy/100mAs) for head and body CTDI phantoms and for the tube potentials of 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp categorized into manufacturers and models. The values in italic and bold were originally missing, but derived using the fitting equation. Standard deviation (SD) is included next to the columns of CTDI values, but not available if data point is only one or the CTDI values are derived.

Make Model kVp CTDI H SD CTDI B SD Make Scanner Model kVp CTDI H SD CTDI B SD Make Scanner Model kVp CTDI H SD CTDI B SD
GE 8800, 9000 Series 80 2.82 1.79 HiSpeed DX/I 80 5.08 2.27 LightSpeed VFX Plus, Ultra 80 7.82 3.54
100 4.19 2.73 100 9.61 4.41 100 13.57 6.65
120 6.21 3.51 120 14.20 1.41 7.20 120 20.57 10.63
140 9.22 6.37 140 20.42 1.03 10.35 140 28.34 15.09
9800 Series 80 6.49 2.76 HiSpeed-Pro 80 5.08 2.27 LightSpeed VFX 16 80 7.82 3.54
100 10.14 4.31 100 9.61 4.41 100 13.57 6.65
120 13.57 1.81 6.22 0.03 120 15.20 7.20 120 20.57 10.63
140 18.98 1.47 8.48 0.06 140 21.15 10.35 140 28.34 15.09
BrightSpeed 4, 8, 16 80 7.82 3.54 LightSpeed 16 80 7.62 0.28 3.33 0.29 Max 80 8.00 3.33
100 13.57 6.65 100 13.57 0.01 6.73 0.10 100 12.50 5.21
120 20.57 10.63 120 20.74 0.24 10.40 1.30 120 18.01 0.02 7.50
140 28.34 15.09 140 28.78 0.63 15.54 0.65 140 24.50 10.21
Discovery CT HD750 80 7.27 3.54 LightSpeed Pro 16 80 7.85 0.05 3.43 0.16 Optima 600 80 7.50 3.50
100 12.84 6.42 100 13.71 0.20 6.48 0.25 100 13.24 6.34
120 19.59 10.04 120 20.70 0.17 10.29 0.48 120 20.20 9.92
140 26.93 14.11 140 28.50 0.24 14.60 0.69 140 27.76 13.94
HiLight Advantage 80 4.25 1.85 LightSpeed, QX/I, Plus 80 7.64 0.25 3.40 0.19 Pace, Sytec 80 9.41 0.14 4.32 0.21
100 7.42 3.23 100 13.56 0.01 6.49 0.23 100 15.53 7.30
120 11.59 0.16 5.10 120 20.14 0.93 10.25 0.33 120 22.49 1.26 10.91 0.01
140 17.24 0.06 7.50 140 26.03 4.46 14.79 0.42 140 32.55 0.02 15.41 0.16
HiLight, HiSpeed CT/i (no SmartBeam) 80 4.32 0.11 1.73 0.18 LightSpeed RT 80 7.59 0.02 3.36 0.02 ProSpeed Series 80 9.64 4.04
100 7.84 0.60 3.42 0.26 100 13.20 0.01 6.31 0.01 100 15.07 6.32
120 11.93 0.35 5.13 0.04 120 19.90 0.15 9.98 0.11 120 21.94 0.37 9.43 0.47
140 17.05 0.17 7.54 0.06 140 28.01 0.63 14.49 0.29 140 28.82 1.25 12.88 0.69
HiSpeed CT/e (dual) 80 5.15 2.27 LightSpeed Ultra 80 7.94 0.18 3.56 0.03 Philips AcQSim 80 9.16 5.34
100 9.73 4.41 100 14.10 0.75 6.80 0.21 100 14.12 8.40
120 15.40 7.20 120 21.49 1.30 10.71 0.76 120 17.32 9.36
140 21.43 10.35 140 29.75 2.00 15.50 0.58 140 33.56 20.72
HiSpeed FX/i, LX/i 80 6.41 1.88 2.78 0.73 LightSpeed VCT 80 9.77 0.53 4.08 0.20 Aura 80 9.84 4.35
100 9.61 4.41 100 17.30 0.88 7.42 0.34 100 16.44 7.61
120 18.34 2.90 7.83 0.89 120 26.30 1.45 10.68 1.53 120 24.63 0.52 11.98 0.03
140 22.47 2.56 11.01 0.93 140 36.14 2.02 16.18 0.92 140 35.64 17.64
HiSpeed CT/i (SmartBeam) 80 4.32 0.11 2.19 0.03 LightSpeed VCT Series (small BF) 80 8.62 5.55 Brilliance 40/64 80 4.88 2.20
100 7.84 0.60 4.22 0.49 100 15.34 8.47 100 9.61 4.71
120 12.22 0.85 6.14 0.05 120 23.37 1.32 10.87 120 16.18 0.38 7.86 0.75
140 17.99 1.47 8.99 0.04 140 32.25 19.77 140 23.72 0.60 12.51 0.07
HiSpeed ZX/i, NX/i 80 4.99 0.13 2.18 0.13 LightSpeed VCT Series (medium BF) 80 10.15 4.22 Brilliance Big Bore 80 3.81 1.83
100 9.61 4.41 100 17.91 7.66 100 7.24 3.65
120 14.94 0.36 6.91 0.41 120 27.33 11.97 120 11.23 0.78 5.99 0.02
140 20.80 0.49 9.93 0.60 140 37.56 16.83 140 16.32 1.20 8.71 0.11
HiSpeed Advantage 80 4.25 1.85 LightSpeed VCT Series (large BF) 80 8.62 3.84 Brilliance iCT SP (adult) 80 5.04 2.43
100 7.42 3.23 100 15.34 7.17 100 10.06 5.19
120 12.02 0.45 5.10 120 23.37 1.32 11.30 0.61 120 16.82 9.05
140 17.04 0.23 7.50 140 32.25 16.03 140 24.74 13.65
Brilliance iCTSP (infant < 18 months) 80 6.34 Tomoscan 310, 350 (GE2, Cu) 80 6.06 Somatom AR series 80 7.90 4.28
100 12.26 100 9.34 100 13.80 7.47
120 19.93 120 11.45 120 21.78 11.79
140 28.64 140 22.18 140 32.01 17.33
Brilliance iCTSP (trauma/bariatric) 80 8.38 5.55 Tomoscan 310, 350 (GE3, no Cu) 80 4.69 Somatom Balance, Emotion (> 2000) 80 6.84 3.25
100 15.15 10.58 100 7.36 100 12.62 6.29
120 22.75 16.39 120 8.21 120 19.98 10.31
140 29.86 21.84 140 18.17 140 28.40 15.02
MX 16 80 4.85 2.36 Tomoscan AV Series, LX, SR Series 80 4.50 2.33 2.85 0.07 Somatom Classic 80 3.93 2.15
100 9.23 4.70 100 9.71 0.47 4.88 0.28 100 6.43 3.68
120 15.02 7.74 120 14.48 0.48 7.72 0.39 120 9.60 5.70
140 21.88 11.13 140 20.46 0.84 11.05 1.00 140 13.48 8.25
MX 4000, MX 6000 80 3.64 1.81 Tomoscan CX, CX/S 80 7.93 3.59 Somatom CR 80 4.26 2.85
100 7.00 3.63 100 12.22 5.64 100 7.12 4.98
120 11.50 6.10 120 14.99 6.29 120 10.83 7.86
140 16.88 9.02 140 29.05 13.91 140 15.44 11.55
MX 4000 Dual, MX 6000 Dual 80 3.82 1.90 Tomoscan M/EG 80 14.75 9.07 Somatom Definition 64 (wide BF) 80 6.25 2.90
100 7.34 3.81 100 24.10 15.85 100 10.91 5.07
120 12.05 6.39 120 38.87 4.05 27.42 3.42 120 17.21 7.99
140 17.68 9.45 140 50.53 36.75 140 25.30 11.75
MX 8000 Dual 80 4.31 2.06 Tomoscan TX 80 2.86 Somatom Definition 64 (narrow BF) 80 5.53 2.36
100 8.29 4.12 100 4.40 100 9.66 4.13
120 13.62 6.91 120 5.40 120 15.24 6.52
140 19.99 10.22 140 10.46 140 22.41 9.58
MX 8000 Quad 80 4.44 2.15 Tomoscan X Series 80 6.15 2.90 Somatom Definition AS 80 4.00 0.68 1.86 0.36
100 8.54 4.30 100 10.04 5.07 100 7.96 1.46 3.78 0.74
120 14.02 7.61 120 15.00 8.00 120 13.33 2.36 6.44 1.20
140 20.57 10.68 140 21.06 11.76 140 19.54 3.52 9.56 1.77
MX 8000 IDT 6/10, Brilliance 6/10 80 4.55 2.21 SR4000 80 6.97 3.70 Somatom Definition DS (tube A) 80 4.82 2.15
100 8.65 4.40 100 10.74 5.81 100 10.08 4.58
120 14.07 7.25 120 13.18 6.48 120 17.21 7.99
140 20.49 10.43 140 25.53 14.33 140 25.41 12.06
Marconi MX 8000 IDT, Brilliance 16 80 4.85 2.36 SR 5000 80 6.67 3.60 Somatom Definition DS (tube A+B) 80 4.55 1.95
100 9.23 4.70 100 10.29 5.66 100 9.51 4.16
120 15.29 0.27 9.21 2.41 120 12.62 6.31 120 16.23 7.25
140 22.24 0.52 11.24 0.16 140 24.45 13.96 140 23.95 10.95
Secura 80 6.15 2.90 Siemens DXP 80 5.61 3.37 Somatom Definition DS (cardiac) 80 4.55 1.95
100 10.04 5.07 100 8.70 5.33 100 9.51 4.16
120 14.63 0.53 7.79 0.29 120 10.36 5.72 120 16.23 7.25
140 20.68 0.53 11.38 0.54 140 20.93 13.35 140 23.95 10.95
Tomoscan 310, 350 (GE2, no Cu) 80 10.77 Somatom 2 80 3.48 2.33 Somatom Definition Flash (tube A) 80 5.15 2.30
100 16.61 100 5.81 4.06 100 10.77 4.91
120 20.37 120 8.83 6.41 120 18.38 8.56
140 39.46 140 12.59 9.43 140 27.14 12.92
Somatom Definition Flash (tube A+B) 80 5.15 2.78 Somatom Plus 80 3.93 2.15 Somatom Spirit 80 5.29 2.24
100 10.77 5.93 100 6.43 3.68 100 9.87 4.42
120 18.38 10.35 120 10.03 0.39 5.71 0.02 120 15.77 7.38
140 27.14 15.61 140 13.48 8.25 140 22.59 10.93
Somatom Definition Flash (cardiac) 80 5.15 1.89 Somatom Plus 4 80 4.12 0.01 2.41 0.09 Somatom Volume Access 80 7.80 0.28 2.73 0.13
100 10.77 4.04 100 8.71 5.00 100 13.74 5.32
120 18.38 7.04 120 14.32 0.46 8.10 0.28 120 20.27 0.70 8.30 0.45
140 27.14 10.62 140 20.68 0.04 11.70 0.38 140 28.00 0.96 12.08 0.69
Somatom Definition Flash (flash mode) 80 5.15 1.89 Somatom Plus 4 Volume Zoom 80 4.11 2.35 Somatom Volume Zoom 80 7.96 0.49 2.79 0.21
100 10.77 4.04 100 14.11 8.33 100 14.27 5.52
120 18.38 7.04 120 16.79 3.15 8.95 1.48 120 20.67 1.27 8.46 0.69
140 27.14 10.62 140 24.28 11.43 140 28.55 1.74 12.33 1.03
Somatom DR 1/2/3 80 3.48 2.33 Somatom Plus-S 80 3.93 2.15 Toshiba Activion 16 80 10.01 4.61
100 5.81 4.06 100 6.43 3.68 100 16.35 7.88
120 8.83 6.41 120 9.98 0.54 5.71 0.02 120 24.42 12.21
140 12.59 9.43 140 13.48 8.25 140 34.28 17.67
Somatom DRG 80 3.65 2.42 Somatom Sensation 4 80 8.12 0.32 2.74 0.03 Alexion 80 10.57 4.34
100 6.11 4.24 100 13.55 5.12 100 18.15 7.64
120 9.29 6.68 120 20.55 0.08 8.34 0.06 120 26.82 11.82
140 13.24 9.82 140 28.29 0.00 12.03 0.12 140 35.59 16.72
Somatom DRH 80 4.26 2.85 Somatom Sensation 10 80 6.85 0.90 2.31 0.30 Aquilion ONE (small BF) 80 15.33 7.27
100 7.12 4.98 100 12.11 1.05 4.52 0.63 100 28.11 14.02
120 10.83 7.86 120 17.38 2.89 7.24 1.25 120 44.34 22.63
140 15.44 11.55 140 26.83 10.49 1.64 140 62.82 32.15
Somatom Emotion 16 80 7.42 3.21 Somatom Sensation 16 80 7.25 1.33 2.42 0.44 Aquilion ONE (medium BF) 80 13.94 6.62
100 13.68 6.21 100 13.02 1.48 4.84 0.75 100 26.28 13.07
120 21.67 10.18 120 18.92 3.31 7.87 0.98 120 41.83 21.49
140 30.80 14.83 140 29.36 11.20 1.97 140 58.99 31.00
Somatom Emotion 6 80 6.45 0.13 2.70 0.19 Somatom Sensation 16 Straton 80 6.75 2.11 Aquilion ONE (large BF) 80 13.94 7.26
100 11.72 5.48 100 12.28 4.19 100 26.28 14.32
120 18.57 8.98 120 16.98 7.02 120 41.83 23.54
140 26.38 13.08 140 34.31 10.30 140 58.99 33.97
Somatom Emotion Duo 80 6.08 0.03 2.58 0.00 Somatom Sensation 40 80 4.76 2.21 Aquilion 4 80 8.88 0.55 4.87 0.55
100 11.26 4.99 100 9.94 4.72 100 15.21 0.37 8.45 0.75
120 17.83 8.18 120 16.96 8.24 120 23.11 0.59 12.71 1.04
140 25.33 11.92 140 25.04 12.43 140 33.55 20.13
Somatom Esprit, Balance, Emotion 80 7.67 3.87 Somatom Sensation 64 80 3.95 0.79 1.80 0.42 Aquilion 16 80 9.18 0.40 5.23 0.03
100 14.14 7.48 100 8.31 1.57 3.92 0.78 100 15.98 1.11 9.18 0.28
120 22.39 12.27 120 14.02 2.92 7.21 1.21 120 24.72 1.68 13.73 0.66
140 31.81 17.88 140 23.74 10.58 1.69 140 34.07 20.13
Somatom HiQ 80 5.13 2.64 Somatom Sensation Open 80 6.27 1.22 2.91 0.76 Aquilion 8 to 64 80 8.89 5.26
100 8.56 4.61 100 12.13 2.60 5.72 1.34 100 15.19 8.98
120 13.02 7.27 120 19.55 4.86 9.40 2.35 120 23.53 13.91
140 18.57 10.69 140 33.42 14.03 3.51 140 34.07 20.13
Aquilion CX, CXL (medium BF) 80 8.01 3.63 Aquilion RX, RXL (medium BF) 80 8.91 3.65 TCT 900S 80 5.79
100 14.80 6.71 100 15.69 6.84 100 8.73
120 23.61 10.71 120 24.22 10.95 120 11.93
140 33.94 15.39 140 34.04 15.71 140 19.87
Aquilion CX, CXL (large BF) 80 9.50 4.71 Aquilion RX, RXL (large BF) 80 10.61 4.75 Xpress GX (after 1998) 80 5.31 2.43
100 17.54 8.70 100 18.68 8.89 100 8.88 4.25
120 27.99 13.87 120 28.84 14.24 120 13.50 6.37 0.46
140 40.23 19.94 140 40.54 20.42 140 19.24 9.85
Aquilion CX, CXL (DR filter) 80 4.38 2.40 Aquilion RX, RXL (DR filter) 80 4.79 2.44 Xpress GX (before 1998) 80 7.24 2.43
100 8.09 4.42 100 8.44 4.56 100 12.10 4.25
120 12.90 7.06 120 13.02 7.30 120 18.14 0.42 6.70
140 18.54 10.15 140 18.30 10.47 140 26.23 9.85
Aquilion LB 80 6.92 4.63 Asteion 80 6.55 3.25 Xpress HS 80 5.08 2.32
100 11.57 7.90 100 9.88 5.03 100 8.48 4.06
120 17.59 12.24 120 13.49 6.05 120 12.91 0.01 6.42 0.02
140 25.08 17.72 140 22.48 12.06 140 18.39 9.41
Aquilion Multi 80 8.49 4.48 Asteion Dual 80 13.94 6.43 Xpress HS1 80 8.03 2.61
100 14.94 7.92 100 22.78 10.98 100 13.41 4.56
120 22.70 12.22 120 31.55 3.49 15.98 1.45 120 20.42 0.02 7.21 0.02
140 37.81 24.38 140 47.76 24.63 140 29.08 10.59
Aquilion Premium (small BF) 80 15.53 7.36 Asteion 4 (after 2002) 80 11.40 4.96 Xpress SX 80 11.16
100 28.48 14.20 100 18.62 8.47 100 16.84
120 44.93 22.93 120 27.81 13.11 120 23.00
140 63.65 32.57 140 39.04 18.98 140 38.32
Aquilion Premium (medium BF) 80 14.12 6.71 Asteion Multi (CXB-400C tube) 80 11.05 0.48 4.80 0.23 Xpeed TSX 001A 80 8.80
100 26.62 13.24 100 18.51 0.15 8.81 0.49 100 13.27
120 42.38 21.77 120 27.66 0.21 13.03 0.12 120 18.13
140 59.76 31.41 140 39.04 18.98 140 30.21
Aquilion Premium (large BF) 80 14.12 7.35 Asteion Multi (before 2002) 80 14.07 1.01 6.09 0.44 Xpeed 80 8.38 1.67
100 26.62 14.51 100 23.70 0.64 11.25 0.45 100 14.00 2.92
120 42.38 23.85 120 35.50 0.80 16.69 0.35 120 19.72 2.24 4.60
140 59.76 34.42 140 50.63 24.51 140 30.36 6.76
Aquilion Prime (small BF) 80 8.88 3.59 Auklet 80 7.20 2.36 Xspeed II 80 8.38 1.67
100 16.54 7.05 100 12.03 4.12 100 14.00 2.92
120 26.02 11.55 120 18.32 0.02 6.48 0.02 120 21.29 0.02 4.62 0.04
140 36.24 16.58 140 26.09 9.56 140 30.36 6.76
Aquilion Prime (medium BF) 80 8.21 3.33 TCT 500S 80 6.82 Xvision 80 6.38 2.36
100 15.30 6.54 100 10.28 100 10.65 4.12
120 24.07 10.71 120 14.05 120 16.19 0.02 6.52 0.03
140 33.53 15.39 140 23.40 140 23.09 9.56
Aquilion Prime (large BF) 80 8.21 3.72 TCT 600 80 6.26 2.14 Xvision EX 80 7.85 3.52
100 15.30 7.31 100 10.45 3.74 100 11.84 5.45
120 24.07 11.97 120 14.57 2.28 5.92 0.03 120 16.17 6.55
140 33.53 17.18 140 22.67 8.67 140 26.94 13.06
Xvision GX 80 9.25 Picker 1200SX 80 4.76 3.99 SCT 5000T 80 5.51 3.41
100 13.95 100 6.89 5.90 100 9.20 5.96
120 19.06 120 11.52 8.87 120 14.00 9.40
140 31.75 140 15.14 12.44 140 19.96 13.82
Elscint Elite, Elect 80 5.61 2.99 AcQSim 80 7.61 4.17 SCT 6800T 80 7.60 3.99
100 9.17 4.89 100 11.89 6.51 100 12.69 6.97
120 13.70 7.30 120 17.13 9.37 120 19.30 11.00
140 19.23 10.25 140 23.31 12.76 140 27.51 16.17
Excel 1800 80 5.63 IQ Series (Filter 0) 80 6.36 4.24 SCT 7000T 80 7.52 4.06
100 8.38 100 9.94 6.63 100 12.56 7.10
120 12.24 120 14.31 9.54 120 19.10 11.20
140 18.57 140 19.48 12.99 140 27.23 16.47
Excel 2400 Elect 80 6.88 2.81 IQ Series (Filter 1) 80 3.90 2.35 SCT 7000TS 80 6.93 3.74
100 10.23 4.32 100 6.51 4.10 100 11.57 6.53
120 14.95 1.21 5.31 120 9.90 6.47 120 17.60 10.30
140 22.68 7.46 140 14.11 9.51 140 25.09 15.14
HeliCAT (old BF) 80 5.12 2.29 MX Twin 80 4.63 Hitachi Hitachi Eclos 4 80 7.14 2.96
100 8.55 3.99 100 6.71 100 12.20 6.05
120 13.65 0.92 6.30 120 11.22 120 18.54 9.72
140 18.53 9.26 140 14.09 140 25.98 13.13
HeliCAT (new BF) 80 4.41 1.74 PQ Series (Filter 0) 80 6.36 4.24 Hitachi Eclos OB 80 7.14 2.96
100 7.36 3.04 100 9.94 6.63 100 12.20 6.05
120 11.20 4.80 120 14.22 0.66 9.52 0.33 120 18.54 9.72
140 15.97 7.06 140 18.82 0.94 13.25 0.47 140 25.98 13.13
MX Twin 80 4.29 1.62 PQ Series (Filter 1) 80 3.90 2.35 Hitachi Eclos 16 80 7.14 2.96
100 7.17 2.83 100 6.51 4.10 100 12.20 6.05
120 10.90 4.47 120 9.90 6.47 120 18.54 9.72
140 15.54 6.56 140 14.11 9.51 140 25.98 13.13
SeleCT 80 7.28 2.94 Ultra Z (Filter 0) 80 6.17 4.05 Hitachi Scenaria 64 (small BF) 80 6.85 2.77
100 12.16 5.13 100 10.02 6.61 100 12.60 5.27
120 18.50 8.10 120 14.16 9.57 120 19.99 8.57
140 26.37 11.91 140 19.10 13.10 140 28.52 12.45
Twin (old BF) 80 5.31 2.37 Ultra Z (Filter 1) 80 3.90 2.35 Hitachi Scenaria 64 (medium BF) 80 6.97 3.62
100 8.88 4.15 100 6.51 4.10 100 12.83 6.88
120 13.78 0.45 6.07 0.41 120 9.90 6.47 120 20.36 11.17
140 19.24 9.62 140 14.11 9.51 140 29.05 16.24
Twin (new BF) 80 4.29 1.62 Shimadzu SCT 4500T 80 4.21 0.12 2.51 0.06
100 7.17 2.83 100 7.17 4.37
120 10.90 4.47 120 10.90 6.90
140 15.54 6.56 140 14.24 1.83 9.10 0.91
Twin Flash 80 6.58 SCT 4800T 80 5.31 2.98
100 9.79 100 8.88 5.20
120 14.30 120 13.50 8.20
140 21.70 140 19.24 12.06