Table 4.
Top ten medications in PIP in intervention and control group
| Intervention Group | PIP (n) | Control Group | PIP (n) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NSAID: ibuprofen, meloxicam and others | 10 | Long-term use of corticosteroids (as monotherapy for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis): betamethasone, prednisone | 10 |
| Long-acting sulfonylurea: glyburide | 6 | NSAID: ibuprofen, meloxicam and others | 8 |
| Long-term PPI: omeprazole, dexlansoprazole | 6 | Long-acting sulfonylurea: glyburide | 7 |
| Non-cardioselective beta-blocker if COPD: propranolol, carvedilol, metoprolol | 4 | H2 receptor antagonist (risk of worsening cognitive impairment): ranitidine | 5 |
| Tricyclic antidepressant (highly anticholinergic agent): amitriptyline | 4 | Furosemide (first line for hypertension) | 4 |
| Nifedipine (risk of hypotension and myocardial ischemia) | 3 | Non-cardioselective beta-blocker if COPD: propranolol | 4 |
| Furosemide (first line for hypertension) | 3 | Long-term PPI: omeprazole | 3 |
| Long-term use of corticosteroids (as monotherapy for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis): betamethasone | 3 | Anticonvulsants (syncope, impairment of psychomotor function, risk of falls). Avoid except in seizures: carbamazepine, topiramate, phenytoin | 3 |
| Benzodiazepines (risk of delirium, falls, fractures): clonazepam, midazolam | 3 | 1st generation antihistamines (highly anticholinergic agent): dexchlorpheniramine, dimenhydrinate) | 3 |
| 1st generation antipsychotics: haloperidol, chlorpromazine, thioridazine | 3 | Tricyclic antidepressant (highly anticholinergic agent): amitriptyline | 3 |