Fig. 4.

Inhibition of ATM/ATR signaling rescued ISAE-mediated G2/M arrest. Jurkat cells were pre-exposed for 1 h to Caffeine (1 mM), a widely used ATM/ATR inhibitor, and then treated with ISAE (146 µg/mL) for 48 h. Cells were then harvested for cell cycle analysis (A-B) and western blot (C). A Representative result of cell cycle analysis. B Quantitative results of G2/M phase of panel (A). Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, and different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). C The expressions of p-ATR (S428), ATR, p-CHK1 (S345), p-CDK1 (Y15), and p-CDK1 (T161). Caffeine abolished ISAE-induced ATR singling and rescued ISAE-mediated G2/M arrest. The original images of each blot can be found in the Supplementary materials