Table 1.
Demographic and reproductive characteristics of study participants
| Group | Cases (n = 49) | Controls (n = 66) | Total (n = 115) | Fisher’s exact test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-value | |||||
|
Age of participants Mean ± SD 23.83 ± 5.191 |
17–24 years | 25 (51.0%) | 43 (65.2%) | 68 (59.1%) | 0.134 |
| 25–32 years | 22 (44.9%) | 18 (27.3%) | 40 (34.8%) | ||
| 33–40 years | 2 (4.1%) | 5 (7.6%) | 7 (6.1%) | ||
|
BMI categories Mean ± SD 23.35 ± 4.58 |
Underweight | 0 (0%) | 16 (24.2%) | 16 (13.9%) | < 0.001* |
| Healthy weight | 25 (51.0%) | 36 (54.5%) | 61 (53.0%) | ||
| Overweight | 18 (36.7%) | 13 (19.7%) | 31 (27.0%) | ||
| Obese | 6 (12.2%) | 1 (1.5%) | 7 (6.1%) | ||
|
Waist-to-Hip ratio Mean ± SD 0.83 ± 0.14 |
0.80 or below | 15 (30.6%) | 23 (34.8%) | 38 (33.0%) | 0.852 |
| 0.81 to 0.85 | 13 (26.5%) | 15 (22.7%) | 28 (24.3%) | ||
| Greater than 0.85 | 21 (42.9%) | 28 (42.4%) | 49 (42.6%) | ||
|
Year of menarche Mean ± SD 13.0 ± 1.45 |
9–11 years | 2 (4.1%) | 11 (16.7%) | 13 (11.3%) | 0.072 |
| 12–14 years | 39 (79.6%) | 49 (74.2%) | 88 (76.5%) | ||
| 15–16 years | 8 (16.3%) | 6 (9.1%) | 14 (12.2%) | ||
| Menstruation | Normal | 11 (22.4%) | 62 (93.9%) | 73 (63.5%) | < 0.001* |
| Anovulation | 10 (20.4%) | 3 (4.5%) | 13 (11.3%) | ||
| Oligo-ovulation | 28 (57.1%) | 1 (1.5%) | 29 (25.2%) | ||
| Cyst | Yes | 36 (73.5%) | 0 (0%) | 36 (31.3%) | < 0.001* |
| No | 13 (26.5%) | 66 (100%) | 79 (68.7%) | ||
| Family history | Yes | 25 (51.0%) | 4 (6.1%) | 29 (25.2%) | < 0.001* |
| No | 24 (49.0%) | 62 (93.9%) | 86 (74.8%) | ||
| Hirsutism | Yes | 45 (91.8%) | 14 (21.2%) | 59 (51.3%) | < 0.001* |
| No | 4 (8.2%) | 52 (78.8%) | 56 (48.7%) | ||
| Acne | Yes | 29 (59.2%) | 16 (24.2%) | 45 (39.1%) | < 0.001* |
| No | 20 (40.8%) | 50 (75.8%) | 70 (60.9%) | ||
| mFG score | Less than 10 | 7 (14.3%) | 48 (72.7%) | 55 (47.8%) | < 0.001* |
| Between 11–20 | 31 (63.3%) | 17 (25.8%) | 48 (41.7%) | ||
| Greater than 20 | 11 (22.4%) | 1 (1.5%) | 12 (10.45) |
*Significance level: p-value ≤ 0.05