| Age, mean (SD) |
30.8 (5.5) |
31.6 (5.2) |
30.2 (5.5) |
31.7 (5.5) |
| Race: |
|
|
|
|
| White, N (%) |
42 (79%) |
20 (71%) |
31 (82%) |
17 (77%) |
| Black, N (%) |
8 (15%) |
4 (14%) |
5 (13%) |
4 (18%) |
| Asian, N (%) |
3 (6%) |
4 (14%) |
2 (5%) |
1 (4%) |
| Hispanic/Latina, N (%) |
12 (23%) |
7 (25%) |
9 (24%) |
7 (32%) |
| Education level attained: |
|
|
|
|
| Some or all of high school, N (%) |
8 (15%) |
3 (11%) |
6 (16%) |
2 (9%) |
| Some college, N (%) |
17 (32%) |
10 (36%) |
13 (34%) |
9 (41%) |
| College graduate, N (%) |
28 (53%) |
15 (54%) |
19 (50%) |
11 (50%) |
| Annual household income: |
|
|
|
|
| <$35,000, N (%) |
11 (22%) |
4 (17%) |
7 (20%) |
4 (21%) |
| $35,000–<$75,000, N (%) |
11 (22%) |
5 (21%) |
9 (26%) |
4 (21%) |
| ≥$75,000, N (%) |
28 (56%) |
15 (63%) |
19 (54%) |
11 (58%) |
| Enrolled in WIC, N (%) |
18 (38%) |
7 (27%) |
14 (41%) |
7 (33%) |
| Has a partner, N (%) |
43 (81%) |
23 (82%) |
31 (82%) |
17 (77%) |
| Primiparous, N (%) |
26 (50%) |
14 (50%) |
20 (53%) |
10 (45%) |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg), mean (SD) |
81.7 (15.3) |
83.6 (17.6) |
81.5 (16.8) |
84.9 (17.0) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) |
30.3 (6.0) |
30.8 (5.2) |
30.2 (6.3) |
31.3 (5.3) |
| Gestational weight gain (kg), mean (SD) |
15.3 (8.4) |
12.2 (7.3) |
15.4 (8.9) |
12.4 (7.2) |
| Pregnancy condition: |
|
|
|
|
| Gestational diabetes, N (%) |
8 (15%) |
9 (32%) |
4 (11%) |
6 (27%) |
| Preeclampsia, N (%) |
22 (42%) |
6 (21%) |
14 (37%) |
5 (23%) |
| Gestational hypertension, N (%) |
25 (47%) |
11 (39%) |
20 (53%) |
9 (41%) |
| Pre-term delivery (32–37 weeks), N (%) |
11 (21%) |
3 (11%) |
9 (24%) |
3 (14%) |
| Small-for-gestational age (<10%ile), N (%) |
13 (25%) |
7 (25%) |
9 (24%) |
6 (27%) |
| More than one pregnancy condition, N (%) |
21 (40%) |
7 (25%) |
14 (37%) |
6 (27%) |
| Cesarean delivery, N (%) |
21 (40%) |
11 (39%) |
14 (37%) |
9 (41%) |
| Weeks postpartum at baseline visit, median (range) |
7.7 (2.7) |
8.0 (2.4) |
7.6 (2.7) |
8.1 (2.6) |
| Baseline weight (kg), mean (SD) |
87.5 (14.6) |
87.5(15.6) |
87.0 (16.0) |
89.4 (14.4) |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) |
32.3 (5.2) |
32.4 (4.6) |
32.3 (5.4) |
33.1 (4.5) |
| Breastfeeding at baseline visit, n (%) |
33 (62%) |
24 (86%) |
26 (71%) |
18 (82%) |
| Depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥9) |
11 (22%) |
3 (11%) |
7 (19%) |
2 (9%) |
