Table 2. Associated factors with strongyloidiasis cases diagnosed at the Servicio de Parasitología, Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 2010-2022 (n=38,085).
| Variables | Controls n=37,973 | ases n=112 | PR | CI 95% | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 0-5 | 9,563 | (25.2) | 6 | (5.4) | 0.17 | 0.07-0.38 | < 0.01 | |
| 6-19 | 7,336 | (19.3) | 17 | (15.2) | 0.74 | 0.44-1.24 | 0.284 | |
| 20-61 | 15,151 | (39.9) | 67 | (59.8) | 2.26 | 1.53-3.31 | < 0.01 | |
| >61 | 4,572 | (12.0) | 19 | (17.0) | 1.48 | 0.90-2.42 | 0.119 | |
| Missing data | 1,351 | (3.6) | 3 | (2.7) | - | - | - | |
| Median [IR] | 23 [5-48] | 40 [23-51) | - | - | < 0.01** | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 21,595 | (56.9) | 41 | (36.6) | 0.43 | 0.29-0.63 | < 0.01 | |
| Male | 15,688 | (41.3) | 70 | (62.5) | 2.34 | 1.60-3.44 | < 0.01 | |
| Missing data | 690 | (1.8) | 1 | (0.9) | - | - | - | |
| Department | ||||||||
| Outpatient consultation | 17,420 | (45.9) | 41 | (36.6) | 0.68 | 0.46-1.00 | 0.049 | |
| Hospitalization room | 9,522 | (25.1) | 46 | (41.1) | 2.08 | 1.43-3.02 | < 0.01 | |
| Emergency room | 11,031 | (29.0) | 25 | (22.3) | 0.70 | 0.45-1.10 | 0.117 | |
| Stool consistency | ||||||||
| Formed | 16,245 | (42.8) | 33 | (29.5) | 0.56 | 0.37-0.84 | < 0.01 | |
| Soft | 10,966 | (28.9) | 31 | (27.7) | 0.94 | 0.62-1.42 | 0.773 | |
| Loose | 5,932 | (15.6) | 20 | (17.9) | 1.17 | 0.72-1.90 | 0.519 | |
| Watery | 4,443 | (11.7) | 27 | (24.1) | 2.39 | 1.55-3.68 | < 0.01 | |
| Missing data | 387 | (1.0) | 1 | (0.9) | - | - | - | |
| Other characteristics of stool | ||||||||
| Mucus | 5,997 | (15.8) | 29 | (25.9) | 1.86 | 1.22-2.83 | < 0.01 | |
| Macroscopic blood | 412 | (1.1) | 1 | (0.9) | 0.82 | 0.12-5.87 | 1.000* | |
| Stool microscopic examination | ||||||||
| Leukocytes | 4,176 | (11.0) | 15 | (13.4) | 1.25 | 0.73-2.15 | 0.419 | |
| Red blood cells | 1,503 | (3.9) | 8 | (7.1) | 1.86 | 0.91-3.81 | 0.138 | |
| Charcot-Leyden crystals | 824 | (2.2) | 18 | (16.1) | 8.47 | 5.14-13.96 | < 0.01* | |
| Fat | 1,854 | (4.9) | 1 | (0.9) | 0.18 | 0.02-1.26 | 0.046* | |
| Protozoa | 15,870 | (41.8) | 36 | (32.1) | 0.66 | 0.44-0.98 | 0.039 | |
| Blastocystis spp. | 13,577 | (35.7) | 28 | (25.0) | 0.60 | 0.39-0.92 | 0.018 | |
| Helminths | 904 | (2.4) | 16 | (14.3) | 6.73 | 3.98-11.38 | < 0.01* | |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | 602 | (1.6) | 4 | (3.6) | 2.29 | 0.85-6.19 | 0.104* | |
| Trichuris trichiura | 399 | (1.0) | 8 | (7.1) | 7.12 | 3.49-14.52 | < 0.01* | |
| Hookworm | 79 | (0.2) | 6 | (5.4) | 25.31 | 11.43-56.01 | < 0.01* | |
Controls: Absence of larvae in stools; cases: Presence of larvae in stools PR: Prevalence ratio; IR: Interquartile range
*
Fisher test
**
Mann-Whitney U test
Hookworm: Necator americanus/Ancylostoma duodenale