FIGURE 1.

Hypoxic ventilatory responses in young trained swimmers (HVR). (a) Representative minute ventilation (V _E), oxygen uptake (VO₂), and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂) recording of one control and swimmer participant during a hypoxic challenge (pure N₂). Note that swimmers displayed a decreased V _E response compared to the control participants. (b) Quantification of ΔV_E between normoxia and hypoxia in both groups. (c) Quantification of ΔVO₂ between normoxia and hypoxia in both groups. (d) Quantification of ΔVCO₂ between normoxia and hypoxia in both groups. (e, f) The swimmer's group showed a significantly lower HVR through ΔV_E/ΔVO₂ and ΔV_E/ΔVCO₂/ΔSpO₂, compared to the controls. Unpaired t‐test for (b, c, e, and f); and Mann–Whitney test for (d). Values are mean $\pm$ SD; control, N = 12, and swimmers, n = 12.