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. 2023 Dec 29;21(1):83–91. doi: 10.1038/s41592-023-02092-7

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

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Fig. 2 — a–c, The FDR (mdFDR) and power of various DA methods for multiple pairwise comparisons against a reference group (a), multiple pairwise comparisons (b) and pattern analysis (c) are summarized. Synthetic datasets were generated using the PLN model¹⁸ based on the mean vector and covariance matrix estimated from the URT dataset¹⁹. The x axis represents the sample size per group, and the y axis shows the FDR (mdFDR) or power. The dashed lines denote the nominal level of FDR (FDR = 0.05) or mdFDR (mdFDR = 0.05). The proportion of true DA taxa are provided in the top of each panel. The mean estimated FDR (or power) ± standard errors (indicated by error bars) derived from 100 simulation runs are provided in each panel. Within the context of multiple pairwise comparisons, ANCOM-BC2 (SS filter) effectively controlled FDR (mdFDR) while maintaining power similar to ANCOM-BC2 (no filter).