Table 3.

Detailed information of 16 phenols

No	Ingredients	Diseases	Use of cell lines	Mechanism of action	References
1	Gallic acid	Bladder cancer	TSGH-8301	↓p-ERK	Liao et al. (2018)
2	Carvacrol	Choriocarcinoma	JAR and JEG3	↓p-ERK1/2,↑p-JNK and↑p–p38	Lim et al. (2019)
3	Hydroxychavicol	Colon cancer	HT-29	↑p-JNK and↑p–p38	Rajedadram et al. (2021)
4	Ferulic acid	Lung cancer and Liver cancer	A549 and HepG2	↓p–p38	Das et al. (2019)
5	Honokiol	Oral squamous cell carcinoma	OC2 and OCSL	↓p-ERK, ↓p-JNK and ↓p–p38	Huang et al. (2018)
6	Vanillin	Colorectal cancer	SW480 and HT-29	↑p–p38	Li et al. (2021a, b, c)
		Colon cancer	HCT-116	↓p-ERK, ↓p-JNK and ↓p–p38	Li et al. (2018a, b)
7	Sinapic Acid	Human neuroblastoma	SH-SY6Y	↓p-ERK1/2,↓p-JNK and ↓p–p38	Tungalag and Yang (2021)
8	Resveratrol	Pancreatic cancer	Panc-1	↓p-ERK and ↓p–p38	Chen and Liu (2018)
		Gastric cancer	GC7901	↓RAF	Yang et al. (2018)
9	Chlorogenic acid	Lung cancer	A549	↑p38	Yamagata et al. (2018)
10	Gingerol	Colon cancer	HCT116	↑p-ERK,↑p-JNK and↑p–p38	Chen and Liu (2018)
11	Peperobtusin A	Lymphoma	U937	↑p–p38	Shi et al. (2018)
12	Curcumin	Retinoblastoma	RB Y79	↑p-JNK and↑p–p38	Wang et al. (2021a, b)
		Adrenocortical carcinoma	SW-13 and NCI-H295R	↑p-JNK and↑p–p38	Huang et al. (2021a, b)
13	Rubioncolin C	Triple negative breast cancer	MDA-MB-231	↑p-ERK,↑p-JNK and↑p–p38	Li et al. (2021a, b, c)
14	Salvianolic acid A	B-cell lymphoma	Raji and Jeko-1	↑p-JNK, ↓p-ERK and ↓p–p38	Li et al. (2021a, b, c)
15	Proanthocyanidins	Lung cancer	LLC and A549	↑p-JNK and↑p–p38	Xu et al. (2021)
16	Salvianolic acid B	Osteosarcoma	MG63	↑p–p38	Zeng et al. (2018a, b)