Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study subjects.
| Variables | Total (n = 477) | Galectin-3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 37.0 ng/mL (n = 284, 59.5%) |
≥ 37.0 ng/mL (n = 193, 40.5%) |
p | ||
| Age (years) | 68.5 ± 12.6 | 67.0 ± 12.1 | 70.4 ± 13.2 | 0.004 |
| ≥ 70 years, n (%) | 244 (51.2) | 124 (43.7) | 120 (62.2) | < 0.001 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 277 (58.1) | 171 (60.2) | 106 (54.9) | 0.146 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 300 (63.0) | 177 (62.5) | 123 (63.7) | 0.483 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 100 (21.0) | 50 (17.7) | 50 (25.9) | 0.021 |
| SBP, mmHg | 140.3 ± 21.8 | 140.0 ± 22.6 | 140.7 ± 20.8 | 0.772 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.2 ± 11.8 | 76.0 ± 12.2 | 78.9 ± 9.8 | 0.027 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 4.3 | 24.7 ± 4.2 | 24.8 ± 4.5 | 0.974 |
| WBC (/μL) | 6876 ± 1812 | 6676 ± 1720 | 7160 ± 1904 | 0.009 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.3 ± 1.7 | 9.4 ± 1.6 | 9.3 ± 1.7 | 0.750 |
| Neutrophil, (/μL) | 4795 ± 1689 | 4531 ± 1585 | 5170 ± 1764 | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophil/Lymphocyte | 4.5 ± 3.2 | 4.1 ± 2.9 | 5.0 ± 3.6 | 0.009 |
| Platelet (× 103/μL) | 193 ± 75 | 190 ± 75 | 200 ± 75 | 0.244 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 77.6 ± 30.4 | 78.0 ± 29.6 | 77.0 ± 31.9 | 0.800 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 7.1 ± 2.9 | 7.3 ± 3.2 | 0.726 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.2 ± 0.9 | 0.462 |
| Serum Phosphate (mg/dL) | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 0.279 |
| Ca * P | 40.4 ± 12.9 | 39.7 ± 11.1 | 41.3 ± 14.6 | 0.256 |
| 25(OH) vitamin D (ng/mL) | 8.8 ± 6.5 | 8.9 ± 6.2 | 8.6 ± 6.9 | 0.692 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 153.5 ± 46.9 | 155.0 ± 45.2 | 151.4 ± 49.4 | 0.441 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 138.0 ± 91.4 | 134.2 ± 97.9 | 143.6 ± 80.9 | 0.335 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 43.8 ± 14.6 | 45.6 ± 15.0 | 41.1 ± 13.7 | 0.004 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 93.9 ± 36.5 | 92.3 ± 30.6 | 96.2 ± 43.7 | 0.312 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 2.5 | 0.611 |
| BNP (mmol/L)* | 562 (174- 1489) | 421 (150–1195) | 848 (239–1724) | < 0.001 |
| hsCRP* (mg/L) | 1.10 (0.50–3.03) | 0.88 (0.39–2.26) | 1.60 (0.82–4.23) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive agents, n (%) | 408 (85.7) | 240 (84.8) | 168 (87.0) | 0.291 |
| RAS blocker, n (%) | 346 (72.5) | 206 (71.4) | 140 (72.5) | 0.326 |
| Ca-based P binder, n (%) | 171 (35.8) | 98 (34.5) | 73 (37.8) | 0.512 |
| Use of statin (%) | 227 (47.6) | 134 (47.3%) | 93 (47.9%) | 0.829 |
| Aortic arch calcification, score* | 1.0 (0–2) | 0.5 (0–1.5) | 1 (0–2) | < 0.001 |
*Median with interquartile ranges. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, Ca * P calcium phosphorus products, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, BNP B-natriuretic peptide, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.