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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 10.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2023 Apr 5;42(14):2420–2438. doi: 10.1002/sim.9730

Table 1.

Class enumeration results: Proportion of 500 randomly generated datasets that selected K classes for data generated with 3 classes and 100 subjects per class by estimation method, selection criterion, and correlation structure and level assumed when generating the data.

LCTA Method

Generated as AIC BIC Sample Size Adjusted BIC

True ∑ True ρ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+

I = AR(1) = CS 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.15
AR(1) 0.05 0.00 0.71 0.29 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.26
AR(1) 0.10 0.00 0.39 0.61 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.46 0.54
AR(1) 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.45 0.55 0.00 0.00 1.00
AR(1) 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
CS 0.05 0.00 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.67 0.33
CS 0.10 0.00 0.19 0.81 0.00 0.83 0.17 0.00 0.23 0.77
CS 0.25 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 0.00 0.00 1.00
CS 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00

CPMM Method Modeled as AR(1)

Generated as AIC BIC Sample Size Adjusted BIC

True ∑ True ρ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+

I = AR(1) = CS 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.29 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16
AR(1) 0.05 0.00 0.76 0.24 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.14
AR(1) 0.10 0.00 0.75 0.25 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.11
AR(1) 0.25 0.00 0.74 0.26 0.16 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.13
AR(1) 0.50 0.11 0.68 0.20 0.75 0.25 0.00 0.20 0.69 0.11
CS 0.05 0.00 0.59 0.41 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.24
CS 0.10 0.00 0.30 0.70 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.00 0.46 0.54
CS 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.35 0.65 0.00 0.02 0.98
CS 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 1.00

CPMM Method Modeled as CS

Generated as AIC BIC Sample Size Adjusted BIC

True ∑ True ρ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+ K = 2 K = 3 K = 4+

I = AR(1) = CS 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.29 0.03 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.17
AR(1) 0.05 0.00 0.62 0.38 0.10 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.21
AR(1) 0.10 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.19 0.81 0.01 0.01 0.67 0.32
AR(1) 0.25 0.00 0.09 0.91 0.43 0.45 0.12 0.01 0.19 0.80
AR(1) 0.50 0.00 0.01 0.99 0.03 0.57 0.40 0.00 0.05 0.95
CS 0.05 0.00 0.79 0.21 0.15 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.88 0.11
CS 0.10 0.01 0.74 0.25 0.28 0.72 0.00 0.03 0.86 0.11
CS 0.25 0.05 0.72 0.23 0.59 0.41 0.00 0.09 0.79 0.12
CS 0.50 0.04 0.77 0.19 0.53 0.47 0.00 0.07 0.85 0.08

(1) I = Independent; AR(1) = auto-regressive lag 1; CS = compound symmetric; LCTA method always modeled as Independent