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. 2023 Dec 27;14:1291965. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1291965

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Copyright © 2023 Abdeen, Elsabagh, Elbasuni, Said, Abdelkader, El-Far, Ibrahim, Mihaela, Fericean, Abdelfattah, El-Hewaity, Elbarbary, Kadah and Ibrahim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar-dot plot panel of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines following ChV and/or AFT exposure in the kidney tissue. (A) TNF-α mRNA, (B) IL-1β mRNA, and (C) IL-6 mRNA. AFTs, aflatoxins; ChV, Chlorella vulgaris; IL-1β; interleukin-1β, IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. Values are represented as mean ± SE (*p < 0.05).