Table 4.

Results of univariable and multivariable analyses on student characteristics and depression

	Normal (n = 868)	Depression (n = 272)	P value	adjusted P value	aOR (95%CI)
District
North	499 (80.0%)	125 (20.0%)	0.002	-	-
Middle	264 (70.2%)	112 (29.8%)		0.002	1.7 (1.2–2.3)
South	105 (75.0%)	35 (25.0%)		0.088	1.5 (0.94 − 2.4)
Gender
Male	217 (81.3%)	50 (18.7%)	0.025	-	-
Female	651 (74.6%)	222 (25.4%)		0.003	2 (1.3–3.1)
Grade
10th Grade	453 (80.7%)	108 (19.3%)	0.001	-	-
11th Grade	415 (71.7%)	164 (28.3%)		0.001	1.7 (1.3–2.2)
Field (for 11th grade)
Scientific	248 (70.9%)	102 (29.1%)
Art	117 (73.6%)	42 (26.4%)	0.810
Others	45 (72.6%)	17 (27.4%)
Academic performance
Excellent (90–100)	431 (81.2%)	100 (18.8%)		-	-
Very good (80–89)	233 (75.6%)	75 (24.4%)	< 0.001	0.011	1.6 (1.1–2.3)
Good (70–79)	134 (72.4%)	51 (27.6%)		0.001	2 (1.3-3)
Intermediate or acceptable (< 70)	70 (60.3%)	46 (39.7%)		< 0.001	3.4 (2.1–5.4)
Smoking
Yes	81 (66.4%)	41 (33.6%)	0.008	0.038	1.7 (1.0-2.8)
No	787 (77.3%)	231 (22.7%)		-	-
Duration of exercise
< 1 h per week	492 (74.9%)	165 (25.1%)		0.526	0.85 (0.52 − 1.4)
1–2 h per week	216 (79.4%)	56 (20.6%)	0.493	0.235	0.72 (0.41 − 1.2)
2–3 h per week	75 (77.3%)	22 (22.7%)		0.925	0.99 (0.5-1.9)
> 3 h per week	85 (74.6%)	29 (25.4%)		-	-
Duration of devices use
< 1 h per day	88 (79.3%)	23 (20.7%)		0.064	0.62 (0.37 − 1.0)
1–2 h per day	172 (83.9%)	33 (16.1%)		0.001	0.49 (0.32-0.75)
2–3 h per day	226 (82.8%)	47 (17.2%)	< 0.001	0.001	0.52 (0.35-0.75)
> 3 h per day	382 (69.3%)	169 (30.7%)		-	-

aOR: adjusted Odds Ratio;CI: Confidence Interval;