Table 2.
Crude analysis of the association between chronic diseasesd and moderate and severe dependence in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults
| Moderate dependence | Severe dependence | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure variables | Not n (%) |
Yes n (%) |
PRcrude (95% CI) | Not n (%) |
Yes n (%) |
PRcrude (95% CI) |
| BADLs | ||||||
| SAH (ref. no.) | 439 (38.8) | 691 (61.2) | 1.60 (1.43–1.79)a | 225 (41.9) | 312 (58.1) | 1.46 (1.23–1.72)a |
| Diabetes (ref. no.) | 823 (75.4) | 269 (24.6) | 1.55 (1.36–1.76)a | 368 (71.7) | 145 (28.3) | 1.90 (1.58–2.29)a |
| Hypercholesterolemia (ref. no.) | 736 (68.7) | 335 (31.3) | 1.35 (1.20–1.53)a | 394 (77.9) | 112 (22.1) | 0.88 (0.72–1.09)c |
| Heart diseases (ref. no.) | 961 (84.1) | 182 (15.9) | 1.77 (1.53–2.04)a | 446 (82.4) | 95 (17.6) | 2.06 (1.66–2.54)a |
| Stroke (ref. no.) | 1,029 (90.0) | 114 (10.0) | 2.72 (2.31–3.22)a | 393 (72.6) | 148 (27.4) | 8.03 (6.82–9.46)a |
| Bronchial asthma (ref. no.) | 1,067 (93.4) | 76 (6.6) | 1.59 (1.28–1.97)a | 501 (92.6) | 40 (7.4) | 1.83 (1.34–2.49)a |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (ref. no.) | 798 (69.8) | 345 (30.2) | 2.21 (1.97–2.48)a | 396 (73.2) | 145 (26.8) | 2.02 (1.68–2.43)a |
| Chronic back problems (ref. no.) | 666 (58.3) | 477 (41.7) | 2.07 (1.85–2.31)a | 375 (69.3) | 166 (30.7) | 1.39 (1.16–1.66)a |
| WMSDs (ref. no.) | 1,118 (97.8) | 25 (2.2) | 1.68 (1.17–2.41)b | 536 (99.1) | 5 (0.9) | 0.77 (0.32–1.84)c |
| Depression (ref. no.) | 1,001 (87.6) | 142 (12.4) | 1.56 (1.33–1.84)a | 472 (87.2) | 69 (12.8) | 1.66 (1.30–2.11)a |
| Other mental illnesses (ref. no.) | 1,122 (98.2) | 21 (1.8) | 2.78 (1.93–4.00)a | 528 (97.6) | 13 (2.4) | 3.89 (2.38–6.36)a |
| COPD (ref. no.) | 1,088 (95.2) | 55 (4.8) | 1.64 (1.28–2.09)a | 507 (93.7) | 34 (6.3) | 2.19 (1.58–3.05)a |
| Cancer (ref. no.) | 1,070 (93.6) | 73 (6.4) | 1.36 (1.09–1.70)a | 505 (93.3) | 36 (6.7) | 1.45 (1.05–2.01)b |
| Kidney failure (ref. no.) | 1,091 (95.5) | 52 (4.5) | 1.94 (1.51–2.48)a | 513 (94.8) | 28 (5.2) | 2.31 (1.62–3.31)a |
| Number of chronic diseasesa | n | % | n | % | ||
| 0 | 111 | 10.6 | 1 | 52 | 10.4 | 1 |
| 1 | 212 | 20.2 | 1.57 (1.26–1.96) | 108 | 21.6 | 1.73 (1.25–2.40) |
| 2 | 234 | 22.3 | 2.16 (1.74–2.69) | 108 | 21.6 | 2.20 (1.59–3.05) |
| 3 | 207 | 19.7 | 3.00 (2.41–3.74) | 87 | 17.4 | 2.87 (2.05–4.02) |
| 4 + | 286 | 27.2 | 4.44 (3.60–5.47) | 144 | 28.9 | 5.22 (3.83–7.11) |
| IADLs | ||||||
| SAH (ref. no.) | 665 (43.5) | 865 (56.5) | 1.41 (1.28–1.54)a | 677 (39.2) | 1,051 (60.8) | 1.62 (1.48–1.77)a |
| Diabetes (ref. no.) | 1,130 (77.4) | 330 (22.6) | 1.48 (1.32–1.65)a | 1,239 (74.3) | 428 (25.7) | 1.66 (1.51–1.83)a |
| Hypercholesterolemia (ref. no.) | 1,024 (70.6) | 426 (29.4) | 1.26 (1.14–1.40)a | 1,210 (74.0) | 426 (26.0) | 1.10 (0.99–1.21)c |
| Heart diseases (ref. no.) | 1,317 (85.5) | 223 (14.5) | 1.75 (1.55–1.98)a | 1,451 (83.2) | 293 (16.8) | 1.96 (1.76–2.18)a |
| Stroke (ref. no.) | 1,452 (94.3) | 88 (5.7) | 1.90 (1.58–2.28)a | 1,472 (84.4) | 272 (15.6) | 3.56 (3.25–3.90)a |
| Bronchial asthma (ref. no.) | 1,465 (95.1) | 75 (4.9) | 1.21 (0.98–1.49)c | 1,631 (93.5) | 113 (6.5) | 1.52 (1.29–1.79)a |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (ref. no.) | 1,214 (78.8) | 326 (21.2) | 1.50 (1.35–1.68)a | 1,290 (74.0) | 454 (24.0) | 1.83 (1.66–2.00)a |
| Chronic back problems (ref. no.) | 1,055 (68.5) | 485 (31.5) | 1.40 (1.27–1.55)a | 1,168 (67.0) | 576 (33.0) | 1.47 (1.35–1.61)a |
| WMSDs (ref. no.) | 1,516 (98.4) | 24 (1.6) | 1.14 (0.79–1.64)a | 1,729 (99.1) | 15 (0.9) | 0.68 (0.42–1.10)c |
| Depression (ref. no.) | 1,366 (88.7) | 174 (11.3) | 1.48 (1.29–1.70)a | 1,536 (88.1) | 208 (11.9) | 1.54 (1.35–1.74)a |
| Other mental illnesses (ref. no.) | 1,524 (99,0) | 16 (1,0) | 2.14 (1.43–3.19)a | 1,706 (97.8) | 38 (2.2) | 3.13 (2.52–3.88)a |
| COPD (ref. no.) | 1,482 (96.2) | 58 (3.8) | 1.41 (1.12–1.78)a | 1,646 (94.4) | 98 (5.6) | 1.89 (1.60–2.23)a |
| Cancer (ref. no.) | 1,459 (94.7) | 81 (5.3) | 1.14 (0.93–1.40)c | 1,637 (93.9) | 107 (6.1) | 1.30 (1.09–1.54)b |
| Kidney failure (ref. no.) | 1,485 (96.4) | 55 (3.6) | 1.65 (1.31–2.09)a | 1,667 (95.6) | 77 (4.4) | 1.90 (1.58–2.29)a |
| Number of chronic diseasesa | n | % | n | % | ||
| 0 | 210 | 14.8 | 1 | 188 | 11.6 | 1 |
| 1 | 358 | 25.2 | 1.45 (1.23–1.70) | 353 | 21.9 | 1.58 (1.34–1.87) |
| 2 | 326 | 22.9 | 1.70 (1.44–1.99) | 368 | 22.8 | 2.07 (1.76–2.44) |
| 3 | 253 | 17.8 | 2.16 (1.83–2.56) | 307 | 19.0 | 2.77 (2.35–3.28) |
| 4 + | 274 | 19.3 | 2.63 (2.23–3.09) | 398 | 24.7 | 3.77 (3.22–4.41) |
Categories for diseases (no vs. yes)
SAH Systemic arterial hypertension, heart diseases (infarction, angina, heart failure), stroke – cerebrovascular accident; chronic back problems (chronic back or neck pain, low back pain, sciatica, vertebrae or disc problems), WMSDs Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, other mental illnesses (Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis or obsessive–compulsive disorder), BADLs Basic activities of daily living, IADLs Instrumental activities of daily living
dSubjects may report more than one disease
aP < 0.001
bP < 0.05
cP > 0.05