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. 2024 Jan 10;24:139. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17400-1

Table 2.

Primary UHMQ items based on articles and opinions of the focal group

Components Items
Academic Resource 1. Scientific books and articles
2. Scientific conferences, webinars and meetings
Formal News and Information 3. Health messages and news from the Ministry of Health (SMS)
4. The website of the SUMS or the Ministry of Health
Mass Media 5. Radio
6. Television
7. Public Magazines and newspapers
Internet Search 8. Search health related websites
9. Search for information on Google

Social Networks and

Messenger Applications

10. Health-related groups on WhatsApp
11. Health-related groups on Instagram
12. Health-related groups on Telegram
13. Health-related groups on local messengers
Informal Conversation 14. Conversation and exchanging news with the family
15. Conversation and exchanging news with colleagues and classmates