TABLE 2.

Descriptive Statistics of Full-text Articles Included

Geographic Region	n	%
USA	47	45.2
Europe	28	26.9
Canada	10	9.6
Asia	9	8.7
Australia	4	3.9
Africa	1	1.0
2 or more regions	5	4.8
Setting of study*
Regional/national	50	48.1
Hospital(s), nonspecific†	18	17.3
Mix of academic and community hospitals	14	13.5
Academic center(s) only	14	13.5
Global	6	5.8
Community hospital(s) only	2	1.9
Included a targeted intervention
No	79	76.0
Yes	25	24.0
Field of surgery
Urology	12	11.5
Obstetrics and Gynecology	11	10.6
Orthopedics	11	10.6
Surgery, nonspecific‡	11	10.6
Cardiac	8	7.7
Breast	5	4.8
General surgery	5	4.8
Pediatric	5	4.8
Bariatric	4	3.9
Colorectal	4	3.9
2 or more fields	7	6.7
Other	21	20.2

^*Settings are mutually exclusive; mixed settings indicate that the study took place in a combination of these settings.

^†Hospital(s), nonspecific indicates that the study did not state hospital type.

^‡Surgery, nonspecific indicates that the study did not state field of surgery.