Table 1.
Overview of Psychological Tests Administered
| Measure | Test | Format | Scoring |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Efficacy | Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (GSE)7 | 10 item test 1-4 points each | 10 (low SE) to 40 (high SE) |
| Grit | Short Grit Scale (Grit-S)1 | 8 item test 1-5 points each, divided by 8 | 1 (not at all gritty) to 5 (extremely gritty) |
| Pain Catastrophizing | Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)9 | 13 item test 0-4 points each | 0-52 >30 clinically significant level of pain catastrophizing, high risk of developing chronic pain and disability |
| Kinesiophobia | Shortened Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)10 | 11 item test 1-4 points each | 11 (no kinesiophobia) – 44 (high kinesiophobia) no specific cutoff exists |
| Depression, Anxiety, Stress | Short Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21)3 | 21 item test 7 items for each subscale 0-3 points each | 0-21 score for each subscale: 0-2: Normal 3-5: Mild 5-9: Moderate 10+ Severe |
| Resiliency | Brief Resiliency Scale (BRS)8 | 6 item test 1-5 points each divide by 6 | 1-5 score: 1.0-2.99: Low Resilience 3.0-4.3: Normal resilience 4.3-5.0: High resilience |
| Overall Mental Health and Wellbeing | PROMIS Pain interference (PI), Pain behavior (PB) Global Mental Health (GMH), and Physical Function (PF)1 | Adaptive test T score output | 40 One SD below mean 50 Mean 60 one SD above mean |
| Alcohol Misuse | AUDIT6 | 10 item test 0-4 points each | 8+ harmful/hazardous drinking 13+ alcohol dependence (F) 15+ alcohol dependence (M) |
| Pain Rating | Visual Analog Scale (VAS)17 | Scale from 0-10 | 1 (no pain) to 10 (extreme pain) |