Table 1.

Factors in the pathogenesis of gut frailty

Reduced mucus secretion

Decreased tight junction function

Decreased peristalsis

Decreased cell turnover

Stem cell dysfunction

Increased senescent cells

Insufficiency of the microcirculation

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota

Numerous luminal and host factors contribute to the pathology of gut frailty, and comprehending their interactions is crucial. Among host-related factors, the mucus layer and tight junctions, which play a central role in intestinal barrier function, are of paramount significance. Reduced intestinal motility and microcirculation disorders are also closely associated with these factors. Many aspects of senescent cells in the intestinal tract remain unknown. Regarding luminal factors, dysbiosis of the intestinal flora and a decrease in its metabolites are significant factors. Specifically, short-chain fatty acids like acetic acid and butyric acid have demonstrated effectiveness in preserving intestinal health.