Fig 4.
In vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of Apilimod against RSV infection. (A) Effects of Apilimod mesylate and ribavirin on viral load in apical washes collected from RSV A2-infected ALI-cultured nasal epithelium. Apilimod M was treated apically on Day 0 and Day 1 (and removed each time) or ribavirin was treated basally without removal. Viral load was determined by plaque assay. (B) Effects of intranasal Apilimod (Apilimod mesylate: AM) treatment on RSV A2-infected BALB/c mice. Mice were inoculated intranasally with RSV A2 (1.0 × 105 PFU/mouse), and the animals were sacrificed 4 days post-virus inoculation. AM was treated once daily on Day 0 (4 hours before infection), and then on Days 1 and 2. Body weight loss triggered by virus infection (B), viral load in lung tissue (C) and nasal tissue (D), and neutrophil accumulation in BALF (E) and nasal lavage (F) were evaluated. For viral load, individual data have been plotted and Geomean. For body weight and neutrophils, mean ± SEM were shown. *P < 0.05, **P<0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs RSV-infected control.