TABLE 4.

Effects of Apilimod mesylate administered intranasally on H1N1-induced inflammation detected in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal lavage of H1N1-infected mice ^a

Treatment	N	Cell number (mean ± SD, x104, [%inhibition])			Cell number (mean ± SD, [% inhibition])
		Bronchoalveolar lavage			Nasal lavage
		Neutrophils	Alveolar macrophage	Lymphocyte	Neutrophils	Alveolar macrophage	Lymphocyte
Experiment 1
Vehicle (1% DMSO saline) + virus	5	7.9 ± 1.2	36 ± 7.0	7.3 ± 0.94	2.2 ± 0.48	5.1 ± 0.49	1.8 ± 0.14
AB (0.5 mg/mL, in) + virus	5	6.8 ± 1.5 [14]	36 ± 4.7 [0]	6.1 ± 0.42 b [16]	2.0 ± 0.48 [9]	4.4 ± 0.35 [14]	2.0 ± 0.30 [−11]
AB (2 mg/mL, in) + virus	5	4.9 ± 0.76 c [38]	26 ± 3.3 b [28]	5.4 ± 0.87 c [26]	1.2 ± 0.38 c [45]	4.0 ± 0.56 c [22]	1.3 ± 0.10 c [28]
Oseltamivir (10 mg/kg, po)	5	2.0 ± 0.96 d [75]	11 ± 4.3 d [69]	2.0 ± 0.71 d [73]	1.2 ± 0.38 c [45]	3.8 ± 0.53 c [25]	1.3 ± 0.30 c [28]
Experiment 2
Vehicle (water) + virus	4	7.5 ± 1.6	38 ± 3.9	7.5 ± 1.3	2.1 ± 0.57	4.7 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 0.18
AM (2 mg/mL, in) + virus	4	4.7 ± 0.91 b [37]	25 ± 4.8 b [34]	5.1 ± 1.1 b [32]	1.1 ± 0.38 b [48]	3.9 ± 0.76 [17]	1.1 ± 0.18 b [39]
Experiment 3
Vehicle (water) + virus	4	8.3 ± 2.5	40 ± 3.6	8.1 ± 1.6	2.2 ± 0.58	5.2 ± 1.0	1.8 ± 0.32
AM (2 mg/mL, in) + virus	4	6.2 ± 0.86 b [25]	24 ± 4.8 c [40]	5.0 ± 0.66 b [38]	1.0 ± 0.23 c [55]	3.6 ± 0.38 b [31]	0.93 ± 0.21 c [48]

^a AB: Apilimod base, AM: Apilimod mesylate, BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage, NL: nasal lavage, For experiment 1, changes in each group were compared to virus-infected animals treated with vehicle using Dunnett’s one-way analysis of variance.*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, , ***P < 0.001, For experiment 2 and 3, changes in each group were compared to respective vehicle control infected animals using un-paired t-test followed by Mann-Whitney test.

^b P < 0.05.

^c P < 0.01.

^d P < 0.001.