Table 2.
Extraction Data
| No | Authors & Year | Outcome | Country | Design | Sample | Intervention | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | [29] | Distress, college adjustment, resilience, self-efficacy | New Zealand | RCT | 250 first-year university students (M:17.87 years, SD: 0.47 years; 67.6% women, 32.4% men) | App-based mindfulness meditation Instrument: 19-item College Adjustment Test, 6-item Brief Resilience Scale, 8-item New General Self-efficacy Scale |
Effectively improving resilience and self efficacy, and reducing distress and college adjustment. |
| 2. | [19] | Perceived stress, self-regulation and life satisfaction | Netherlands | RCT | 64 university students mean age was 24.75 years (SD = 5.42, range: 18–48 years) | App-based mindfulness meditation Instrument: the German version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the self-regulation scale (SRS-10), and the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Happiness |
Significantly decrease perceived stress, increased self-regulation and life satisfaction |
| 3. | [30] | Depression, stress, and anxiety | Iran | Quasi experiment | 68 students (mean ages= 24.29 ± 3.21 years) | Mindfulness-Based Stress Management m-Health app Instrument: Depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) |
Significantly reducing depression, stress, and anxiety. |
| 4. | [31] | Stress, mindfulness, and self-compassion | USA | Quasi-experiment | 104 participants (mean ages: 20.41) | Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App “Calm” Instrument: the Perceived Stress Scale, the Self-Compassion Survey Short-Form (SCS-SF) |
Significantly reducing stress and improving mindfulness and self-compassion |
| 5. | [32] | Weight, weight-related behaviors, and stress. | Australia | RCT | 90 participants (mean ages: 20.16 years) | Mindfulness App Trial Instrument: Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) |
Effectiveness for reducing stress and eating behaviors. |
| 6. | [33] | Stress and depression | USA | RCT | 561 university students (mean ages= 21.4) | App-based mindfulness practice instrument: the Perceived Stress Scale and y the Beck Depression Inventory |
Effectively reducing stress and depression |
| 7. | [34] | Symptoms of depression | USA | RCT | 72 college students (Mage = 21 years, age range: 18–48 years) | Gamification of Meditation Instrument: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 |
Significantly reducing symptoms of depression |
| 8. | [35] | Anxiety, empathy, self-compassion | Spain | RCT | 154 healthcare students mean age of 23 years (SD: 4.16) | Mindfulness-based mobile app Instrument: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) |
Significant increase in self-compassion and reducing anxiety |
| 9. | [36] | Depression, anxiety, stress | China | RCT | 120 undergraduate nursing students (mean ages 19.31 ± 0.85) | Mindfulness-based online intervention Instrument: Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) |
Significantly reduction of anxiety and stress symptoms, as well as the improvement of mindfulness level and perceived social support |
| 10. | [37] | Mental wellbeing | China | RCT | 1255 college students (mean 32.52, SD:12.41) | Internet-Based Mindfulness Training Instrument: The WHO 5-item mental wellbeing and the Mental Health Inventory |
Effectively improving mental health, psychological distress, life satisfaction, and sleep disturbance. |
| 11 | [38] | Depression, anxiety, and stress | USA | RCT | 54 students (mean: 23.53, SD: 3.17) | Internet-Based Mindfulness Intervention Instrument: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale |
Effectively reducing depression, anxiety, and stress |