Skip to main content
. 2023 Dec 20;16(1):39. doi: 10.3390/cancers16010039

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the basic principle of CAR architecture. (A) Cartoon diagram showing the binding moiety of CAR, where scFv comes from a TAA-specific monoclonal antibody and the signaling domain(s) comes from activating and co-stimulatory immune receptors. (B) Cartoon diagram showing the progressive evolution of CAR-T cells from first generation to fifth generation: first-generation CAR contains a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and CD3ζ for signal transduction; an additional co-stimulatory domain (co-stimulatory domain 1: CSD 1) was added on first-generation CAR to make a second generation, whereas two additional co-stimulatory domains (CSD1 and CSD 2) were added on first-generation CAR to make third-generation CAR; one additional domain for cytokine-expression (cytokine inducer: CI) was added on second-generation CAR to make fourth-generation CAR; fifth-generation CAR contains a co-stimulatory domain (co-stimulatory domain 1) and an additional domain that activates signaling pathways such as STATE3/5. (C) Cartoon diagram showing the basic structure of a typical CAR with the functions of individual domains.