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. 2023 Dec 27;16(1):138. doi: 10.3390/cancers16010138

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Bar plots illustrating measurements for various parameters. The top row displays oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and vessel size. The bottom row displays hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression, vessel density as determined by CD31 expression, and vessel diameter based on CD31-highlighted vessels. These measurements are derived from targeted biopsies situated within three VOIs: nonenhancing, enhancing, and necrosis VOIs. Statistically significant differences based on the Mann–Whitney U test are marked with *, with p-values detailed above each respective comparison.