Table 1.

Data extraction summary for the full-text articles included.

Study	Method	Outcome	Advantages	Disadvantages
Wang, M. et al. [19]	BMS	Diagnosing MDS and distinguishing it from AA and AML	Excellent performance metrics Internally and externally validated	Requires clinician assistance
Lee, N. et al. [20]	BMS	Detection of dysplastic erythrocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, and blasts	Excellent performance metrics Competes with hematologists Detects dysplastic cells Internally validated	Does not quantify dysplasia Not externally validated
Mori, J. et al. [21]	BMS	Diagnosing MDS using hypogranulated dysplastic neutrophils	Excellent performance metrics Classifies dysplasia by severity Detection of dysplastic neutrophils Internally validated	Small sample size Not externally validated
Wu, J. et al. [22]	BMS and PBS	Diagnosing hypocellular MDS and distinguishing it from AA	Very good performance metrics Internally validated	Not externally validated Poor performance compared to other studies
Wu, Y. et al. [23]	BMS	Detection of elevated blasts to diagnose MDS	Quantifies dysplasia Internally validated	Not externally validated Only looks at blasts
Acevedo, A. et al. [24]	PBS	Detection of hypogranulated dysplastic neutrophils to diagnose MDS	Excellent performance metrics Internally validated Detects dysplastic neutrophils	Not externally validated
Kimura, K. et al. [25]	PBS	Diagnosing MDS and distinguishing it from AA	Excellent performance metrics Internally validated	Not externally validated
Zhu, J. et al. [26]	PBS	Diagnosing MDS using CBC and immature platelet fraction	Model outperforms current MDS-CBC scoring	Not externally validated
Clichet, V. et al. [27]	FC	Diagnosing MDS using MFC	Internally and externally validated Lower misclassification rates Excellent performance metrics	Lack of standardization of FC methodology
Duetz, C. et al. [28]	FC	Diagnosing MDS in suspected patients using FC	Excellent performance metrics Enhanced accuracy and reduced processing time Internally and externally validated	Lack of standardization of FC methodology
Herbig, M. et al. [29]	FC	Diagnosing MDS using RT-DC	Potential for efficient quantification Excellent performance metrics	Lack of standardization of FC methodology Small sample size Not externally validated
Li, J. L. et al. [30]	FC	Diagnosing MDS and distinguishing it from AML using FC	Excellent performance metrics	Lack of standardization of FC methodology Potential challenges in categorizing MDS due to data complexity Not externally validated