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. 2023 Dec 25;25(1):316. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010316

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Coffee and decaffeinated coffee attenuate the LPS-induced accumulation of microglia and mRNA expression of IL-6, TNFα, CCL2, and CXCL1 in the murine brain. C57BL/6 mice (male, 4 weeks, n = 6) were given water, a 60% (v/v) coffee decoction, or 60% (v/v) decaffeinated coffee (Decaf) decoction for 4 weeks. (A) The body weight and food intake of each mouse were measured. (B) After 4 weeks of the intake of coffee or decaffeinated coffee (Decaf), LPS was injected into the right striatum of mice (n = 6). Seven days after the LPS injection, murine brain sections were prepared and two tissue sections obtained from six mice in each group were immunostained using anti-Iba1 antibody (Scale bar: 1 mm), and the luminance of each sample was measured by ImageJ. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments in the graph. *** indicates p < 0.001. (C) Six hours after the LPS injection, total RNA was extracted from murine brains. The mRNA expression of IL-6, TNFα, CCL2, and CXCL1 was analyzed by RT-PCR. Values are the mean ± S.D. of six independent experiments. *, **, and *** indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.