TABLE 3.

Impact of the VBF-e on Medication Use PMPM 1 Year After VBF-e Implementation

Medication use (days supply of medication)	With VBF-e (95% CI)	Without VBF-ea (95% CI)	Estimated change (95% CI)
Overall	26.4 (25.6 to 27.3)	27.4 (26.3 to 28.6)	−1.0 (−1.8 to −0.2)
By value-based tier
1	22.1 (21.4 to 22.9)	22.5 (21.5 to 23.4)	−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.3)
2	1.9 (1.8 to 2.1)	1.9 (1.7 to 2.2)	0.0 (−0.2 to 0.2)
3	0.1 (0.1 to 0.2)	0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)	0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)c
4	1.6 (1.5 to 1.8)	2.0 (1.8 to 2.2)	−0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1)
Excludedb	0.1 (0.1 to 0.1)	0.5 (0.4 to 0.6)	−0.4 (−0.5 to −0.4)
By change in tier
Moved into lower tier	0.3 (0.3 to 0.4)	0.4 (0.3 to 0.5)	0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1)
No change in tier	23.9 (23.1 to 24.7)	24.1 (23.1 to 25.2)	−0.2 (−0.9 to 0.5)
Moved into higher tier	1.7 (1.6 to 1.8)	2.4 (2.2 to 2.6)	−0.7 (−0.9 to −0.5)

^a The “Without VBF-e” column presents estimates of adjusted mean estimate of the predicted medication use outcome in the exposure group in the post period had VBF-e not been implemented (ie, counterfactual estimate). For example, the 2.4 (2.2 to 2.6) estimate in the “Without VBF-e” column represents the predicted days supply for drugs that were moved into a higher tier in the VBF-e if those same drugs had not actually been moved into a higher tier.

^b Members could be granted access to excluded drugs based on an appeals process, therefore use of excluded drugs “with VBF-e” is greater than 0.

^c 95% CI crosses 0.

PMPM = per member per month; VBF-e = Value-Based Formulary-essentials.