TABLE 4.

Impact of the VBF-e on Medication and Total Health Care Spending PMPM 1 Year After VBF-e Implementation

Spending (USD)	With VBF-e (95% CI)	Without VBF-e (95% CI)	Estimated change in spending (95% CI)
Total drug spending	115 (104 to 127)	128 (113 to 144)	−13 (−25 to −3)
Health plan drug spending	103 (92 to 115)	118 (103 to 134)	−14 (−26 to −4)
Member drug spending	12 (11 to 12)	10 (10 to 11)	1 (1 to 2)
Total health care spending	851 (781 to 915)	886 (779 to 1,000)	−35 (−157 to 72)

PMPM = per member per month; USD = United States dollar; VBF-e = Value-Based Formulary-essentials.