Table 1.
Lockdown and pandemic consequences on the mental health of nursing home (NH) residents, residents’ relatives, nursing staff, and respondents (nursing home mental health professionals).
| Total population | NH without COVID-19 residents | NH with COVID-19 residents | p value* | Adjusted value of p** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1,062 | N = 690 | N = 372 | |||
| Concerning residents*** | |||||
| Greater anxiety n (%) (N = 1,060) | 661 (62.4) | 420 (61.0) | 241 (65.0) | 0.20 | 0.027 |
| Greater sadness n (%) (N = 1,059) | 848 (80.1) | 540 (78.4) | 308 (83.2) | 0.059 | 0.026 |
| Fear of COVID-19 infection for themselves n (%) (N = 1,059) | 198 (18.7) | 111 (16.1) | 87 (23.5) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Fear of contaminating their close relatives (N = 1,060) | 431 (40.7) | 269 (39.0) | 162 (43.7) | 0.14 | 0.007 |
| More pessimistic or suicidal ideation n (%) (N = 1,058) | 515 (48.7) | 335 (48.7) | 180 (48.7) | 0.99 | 0.62 |
| More renunciation behaviors n (%) (N = 1,055) | 606 (57.4) | 384 (55.9) | 222 (60.3) | 0.17 | 0.13 |
| More anorexia symptoms, n (%) (N = 1,057) | 475 (44.9) | 276 (40.2) | 199 (53.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| More productive behavioral symptoms in residents with neurocognitive disorders, n (%) (N = 1,055) | 552 (52.3) | 350 (51.0) | 202 (54.9) | 0.22 | 0.07 |
| More disorientation in time and space, n (%) (N = 1,057) | 749 (70.9) | 468 (68.2) | 281 (75.7) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| More traumatic memories of the second world war (N = 1,057) | 389 (36.8) | 240 (35.0) | 149 (40.2) | 0.10 | 0.041 |
| Significant suffering from the separation from their close relatives (N = 1,060) | 934 (88.1) | 608 (88.1) | 326 (88.1) | 1 | 0.96 |
| Concerning relatives*** | |||||
| Understand the health measures (N = 1,061) | 723 (68.1) | 474 (68.8) | 249 (66.9) | 0.54 | 0.041 |
| Fear of contaminating their relative (N = 1,060) | 340 (32.1) | 224 (32.6) | 116 (31.2) | 0.65 | 0.95 |
| Satisfied with the technical devices developed by the nursing home to communicate with their relative, n (%) (N = 1,057) | 832 (78.7) | 556 (81.1) | 276 (74.4) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Significant emotional suffering, n (%) (N = 1,059) | 888 (83.9) | 568 (82.4) | 320 (86.5) | 0.09 | 0.10 |
| Expressed the need for more psychological support, n (%) (N = 1,051) | 588 (56.0) | 386 (56.6) | 202 (54.7) | 0.56 | 0.032 |
| Concerning nursing staff*** | |||||
| Higher emotional distress, n (%) (N = 1,060) | 622 (58.7) | 375 (54.5) | 247 (66.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| More stressed and anxious, n (%) (N = 1,060) | 806 (76.0) | 494 (71.8) | 312 (83.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| More depressed, n (%) (N = 1,060) | 377 (35.6) | 218 (31.7) | 159 (42.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Greater work overload, n (%) (N = 1,061) | 697 (65.7) | 429 (62.3) | 268 (72.0) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Emotional burden at work, n (%) (N = 1,061) | 738 (69.6) | 451 (65.5) | 287 (77.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fear of being contaminated, n (%) (N = 1,060) | 608 (57.4) | 358 (51.9) | 250 (67.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fear of contaminating their residents, n (%) (N = 1,059) | 791 (74.7) | 522 (75.8) | 269 (72.7) | 0.28 | 0.34 |
| Need for psychological support, n (%) (N = 1,056) | 382 (36.2) | 232 (33.9) | 150 (40.3) | 0.039 | 0.62 |
| Concerning themselves (mental health professionals) | |||||
| Fear, n (%) (N = 1,040) | 791 (76.1) | 506 (74.9) | 285 (78.3) | 0.21 | 0.13 |
| Disturbed sleep n (%) (N = 1,022) | 560 (54.8) | 338 (51.2) | 222 (61.3) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Greater sadness, n (%) (N = 1,032) | 351 (34.0) | 200 (29.8) | 151 (41.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Discouragement, n (%) (N = 1,033) | 367 (35.5) | 218 (32.3) | 149 (41.5) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Fatigue and/or burnout, n (%) (N = 1,048) | 885 (84.5) | 552 (81.4) | 333 (90.0) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Loss of efficiency at work, n (%) (N = 1,001) | 483 (48.3) | 290 (44.5) | 193 (55.3) | 0.001 | 0.035 |
*CHI-2 test. **Univariate analysis with adjustment for the variable structure of the nursing home, number of residents, and percentage of time spent by the professionals in the nursing home. ***Corresponds to respondents who answered 4 or 5 on a Likert scale.