Table 2.
Main results according to the location of the respondents’ nursing home and COVID-19 status of residents.
| Total population in low-spread zone* | Total population in high-spread zone* | p value** | Adjusted value of p*** | Population in low-spread zone | p value | Adjusted p value | Population in high-spread zone | p value | Adjusted p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 701 | N = 361 | N = 701 | N = 361 | |||||||||
| NH without COVID-19 residents | NH with COVID-19 residents | NH without COVID-19 residents | NH with COVID-19 residents | |||||||||
| N = 560 | N = 141 | N = 130 | N = 231 | |||||||||
| Concerning residents**** | ||||||||||||
| Greater anxiety, n (%) (N = 1,060/N = 701/N = 359) | 437 (62.3) | 224 (62.4) | 0.99 | 0.93 | 349 (62.3) | 88 (62.4) | 0.98 | 0.85 | 71 (55.0) | 153 (66.5) | 0.031 | 0.005 |
| Greater sadness, n (%) (N = 1,059/N = 701/N = 358) | 555 (79.2) | 293 (82.8) | 0.30 | 0. 33 | 438 (78.2) | 117 (83.0) | 0.21 | 0.07 | 102 (79.1) | 191 (83.4) | 0.31 | 0.46 |
| Fear of COVID-19 infection for themselves, n (%) (N = 1,059/N = 700/N = 359) | 125 (17.9) | 73 (20.3) | 0.33 | 0.20 | 97 (17.4) | 28 (19.9) | 0.49 | 0. 13 | 14 (10.9) | 59 (25.7) | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fear of contaminating their close relatives (N = 1,060/N = 701/N = 359) | 282 (40.2) | 149 (41.5) | 0.69 | 0.70 | 219 (39.1) | 63 (44.7) | 0.23 | 0.14 | 50 (38.8) | 99 (43.0) | 0.43 | 0.07 |
| More pessimistic or suicidal ideation, n (%) (N = 1,058/N = 700/N = 358) | 330 (47.1) | 185 (51.7) | 0.16 | 0.12 | 266 (47.6) | 64 (45.4) | 0.64 | 0.07 | 69 (53.5) | 116 (50.7) | 0.61 | 0.18 |
| More renunciation behaviors, n (%) (N = 1,055/N = 698/N = 357) | 400 (57.3) | 206 (57.7) | 0.90 | 0.88 | 315 (56.5) | 85 (60.7) | 0.36 | 0.22 | 69 (53.5) | 137 (60.1) | 0.23 | 0.45 |
| More anorexia symptoms, n (%) (N = 1,057/N = 699/N = 358) | 294 (42.1) | 181 (50.6) | 0.009 | 0.012 | 221 (39.6) | 73 (51.8) | 0.009 | 0.015 | 55 (43.0) | 126 (54.8) | 0.032 | 0.28 |
| More productive behavioral symptoms in residents with neurocognitive disorders, n (%) (N = 1,055/N = 698/N = 357) | 354 (50.7) | 198 (55.5) | 0.14 | 0.16 | 279 (50.0) | 75 (53.6) | 0.45 | 0.22 | 71 (55.0) | 127 (55.7) | 0.90 | 0.39 |
| More disorientation in time and space, n (%) (N = 1,057/N = 699/N = 358) | 486 (69.5) | 263 (73.5) | 0.18 | 0.19 | 382 (68.5) | 104 (73.8) | 0.22 | 0.08 | 86 (67.2) | 177 (77.0) | 0.045 | <0.001 |
| More frequent traumatic memories of the second world war (N = 1,057/N = 698/N = 359) | 255 (36.5) | 134 (37.3) | 0.80 | 0.19 | 201 (36.1) | 54 (38.3) | 0.63 | 0.27 | 39 (30.2) | 95 (41.3) | 0.037 | 0.018 |
| Significant suffering from the separation from their close relatives (N = 1,060/N = 701/N = 359) | 625 (89.2) | 309 (86.1) | 0.14 | 0.18 | 495 (88.4) | 130 (92.2) | 0.19 | 0.28 | 113 (86.9) | 196 (85.6) | 0.73 | 0.97 |
| Concerning relatives**** | ||||||||||||
| Relatives understand the health measures (N = 1,061/N = 701/N = 360) | 484 (69.0) | 239 (66.4) | 0.38 | 0.46 | 385 (68.8) | 99 (70.2) | 0.74 | 0.59 | 89 (69.0) | 150 (64.9) | 0.44 | 0.40 |
| Fear of contaminating their relative (N = 1,060/N = 700/N = 360) | 227 (32.4) | 113 (31.4) | 0.73 | 0.86 | 187 (33.5) | 40 (28.4) | 0.25 | 0.53 | 37 (28.7) | 76 (32.9) | 0.41 | 0.23 |
| Satisfaction with technical devices developed by the nursing home to communicate with their relative n (%) (N = 1,057/N = 699/N = 358) | 570 (81.6) | 262 (73.2) | 0.002 | 0.002 | 457 (81.9) | 113 (81.0) | 0.63 | 0.56 | 99 (77.3) | 163 (70.9) | 0.19 | 0.048 |
| Significant emotional suffering, n (%) (N = 1,059/N = 701/N = 358) | 581 (82.9) | 307 (85.8) | 0.23 | 0.19 | 462 (82.5) | 119 (84.4) | 0.59 | 0. 74 | 106 (82.2) | 201 (87.8) | 0.15 | 0.98 |
| Expressed the need for more psychological support, n (%) (N = 1,051/N = 695/N = 356) | 392 (56.4) | 196 (55.1) | 0.68 | 0. 23 | 316 (56.9) | 76 (54.3) | 0.57 | 0. 63 | 70 (55.1) | 126 (55.0) | 0.99 | 1 |
| Concerning nursing staff**** | ||||||||||||
| Greater emotional distress, n (%) (N = 1,060/N = 699/N = 361) | 389 (55.7) | 233 (64.5) | 0.005 | 0. 81 | 306 (54.8) | 83 (58.9) | 0.39 | 0.17 | 69 (53.1) | 164 (71.0) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| More stressed and anxious, n (%) (N = 1,060/N = 699/N = 361) | 510 (73.0) | 296 (82.0) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 397 (71.2) | 113 (80.1) | 0.032 | 0. 031 | 97 (74.6) | 199 (86.2) | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| More depressed, n (%) (N = 1,060/N = 699/N = 361) | 228 (32.6) | 149 (41.3) | 0.005 | 0.002 | 179 (32.1) | 49 (34.8) | 0.55 | 0. 58 | 39 (30.0) | 110 (47.6) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Greater work overload, n (%) (N = 1,061/N = 700/N = 361) | 447 (63.9) | 250 (69.3) | 0.08 | 0.06 | 343 (61.4) | 104 (73.8) | 0.006 | 0.008 | 86 (66.2) | 164 (71.0) | 0.34 | 0.26 |
| Report an emotional burden at work, n (%) (N = 1,061/N = 700/N = 361) | 469 (67.0) | 269 (74.5) | 0.012 | 0.013 | 360 (64.4) | 109 (77.3) | 0.004 | 0.16 | 91 (70.0) | 178 (77.1) | 0.14 | 0.23 |
| Fear of being contaminated, n (%) (N = 1,060/N = 700/N = 360) | 381 (54.4) | 227 (63.1) | 0.007 | 0.009 | 292 (52.1) | 89 (63.6) | 0.015 | 0.006 | 66 (50.8) | 161 (70.0) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Fear of contaminating their residents, n (%) (N = 1,059/N = 699/N = 360) | 527 (75.4) | 264 (73.3) | 0.47 | 0. 47 | 422 (75.5) | 105 (75.0) | 0.90 | 1 | 100 (76.9) | 164 (71.3) | 0.25 | 0.37 |
| Need for psychological support, n (%) (N = 1,056/N = 696/N = 360) | 251 (36.1) | 131 (36.4) | 0.92 | 0. 12 | 192 (34.6) | 59 (41.8) | 0.11 | 0.048 | 40 (31.0) | 91 (39.4) | 0.11 | 0. 54 |
| Concerning mental health professionals | ||||||||||||
| Fear, n (%) (N = 1,040/N = 689/N = 351) | 507 (73.6) | 284 (80.9) | 0.009 | 0.011 | 407 (74.1) | 100 (71.4) | 0.52 | 0.40 | 99 (78.0) | 185 (82.6) | 0.29 | 0. 52 |
| Disturbed sleep, n (%) (N = 1,022/N = 672/N = 350) | 357 (53.1) | 203 (58.0) | 0.14 | 0.18 | 271 (50.5) | 86 (63.7) | 0.006 | 0. 001 | 67 (54.5) | 136 (59.9) | 0.33 | 0.63 |
| Greater sadness, n (%) (N = 1,032/N = 683/N = 349) | 199 (29.1) | 152 (43.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 155 (28.4) | 44 (32.1) | 0.39 | 0.24 | 45 (35.7) | 107 (48.0) | 0.026 | 0.029 |
| Discouragement, n (%) (N = 1,033/N = 681/N = 352) | 212 (31.1) | 155 (44.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 167 (30.6) | 45 (33.3) | 0.54 | 0.41 | 51 (39.8) | 104 (46.4) | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| Greater fatigue and burnout, n (%) (N = 1,048/N = 692/N = 356) | 571 (82.5) | 314 (88.2) | 0.016 | 0. 021 | 446 (80.9) | 125 (88.7) | 0.032 | 0. 23 | 106 (83.5) | 208 (90.8) | 0.039 | 0.029 |
| Loss of efficiency at work, n (%) (N = 1,001/N = 655/N = 346) | 290 (44.3) | 193 (55.8) | <0.001 | 0. 002 | 229 (43.5) | 61 (47.7) | 0.39 | 0.44 | 61 (48.8) | 132 (59.7) | 0.049 | 0.22 |
*Classification of the location of respondents’ practice based on the DREES map “Proportion of nursing homes affected in wave 1” (20). **Chi-2 test. ***Univariate analysis with adjustment for the variable structure of the nursing home, number of residents and percentage of time spent by respondents in the nursing home. ****Respondents who answered 4 or 5 on the Likert scale. Bold values correspond to p < 0.05.