Table 1.
ICE methods.
| Year | First Author |
Citation | Methods | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Groups | ICE Modality |
ICE Freq. | ICE Intensity | ICE Duration | ICE Intervention |
|||
| 1979 | Doi | [21] | Rats | 1. Control Newborn 2. Control Adult 3. ICE Newborn 4. ICE Adult |
Air | daily | 5 °C | 4 h | 14 days |
| 1984 | Harri | [22] | Rats | 1. Control 2. CCE 3. ICE 4. Control Exercise 5. CCE Exercise |
Air | 5 d/wk | −20 °C | 1 h | ≥6 wks |
| 1986 | Arnold | [19] | Rats | 1. Control 2. ICE 3. Control Exercise 4. ICE Exercise |
Air | daily | −5 °C | 2 h | 28 days |
| 1988 | Deshaies | [20] | Rats | 1. Control 2. ICE 3. Control Exercise 4. ICE Exercise |
Air | daily | −5 °C | 2 h | 28 days |
| 1989 | Yahata | [23] | Rats | 1. Control 2. CCE 3. ICE |
Air | daily | 5 °C | 6 h or 2 h | 28 days |
| 2013 | Yoneshiro | [24] | Humans (Low or No BAT Activity During Initial ACE) |
1. Control Pre vs. Post 2. ICE Pre vs. Post |
Air | daily | 17 °C | 2 h | 6 wks |
| 2014 | Yoo | [25] | Mice | 1. Control 2. ACE 3. ICE |
Air | daily | 4 °C | 6 h | 12–14 days |
| 2014 | Qiao | [26] | Mice | 1. Control ICE 2. Adipoq−/− ICE |
Air | daily | 4 °C | 6 h | 10 days |
| 2014 | Ravussin | [27] | Mice | 1. Control 2. ICE 1 h 3. ICE 4 h 4. ICE 8 h |
Air | 3 d/wk | 4 °C | 1, 4, or 8 h | 10–11 wks |
| 2014 | Blondin | [28] | Humans | Pre vs. Post ICE | Liquid-cooled suit | 5 d/wk | 18 °C | 2 h | 4 wks |
| 2015 | Wang | [29] | Mice | 1. Control 2. ICE |
Air | 5 d/wk | 4 °C | 2 h | 14 wks |
| 2015 | Bai | [30] | Platue Pika (Rodent) Simulated Low Air Pressure (4100 M) |
1. Control 2. ICE |
Air | daily | 5–6 °C | 4 h | 15 days |
| 2015 | Hanssen | [31] | Humans (Obese) |
Pre vs. Post ICE | Air | daily | 15 °C | 6 h | 10 days |
| 2016 | Gibas-Dorna | [32] | Humans | 1. Controls 2. Winter Swimmers (Pre vs. Post) |
Winter swimming | ≥2 d/wk | 1–10 °C | 5–15 min | ~6 months |
| 2016 | Tsibul’nikov | [33] | Rats | 1. Control 2. CCE 3. ICE (1.5 h) 4. ICE (8 h) |
Air | daily | 4 °C | 1.5 or 8 h | 4 wks |
| 2016 | Hanssen | [34] | Humans (Overweight, T2DM) |
Pre vs. Post ICE | Air | daily | 15 °C | 6 h | 10 days |
| 2017 | Blondin | [35] | Humans | Pre vs. Post ICE | Liquid-cooled suit | daily | 10 °C | 2 h | 4 wks |
| 2019 | Presby | [36] | Obese Mice Caloric Restriction During ICE 24 h ad libitum after ICE |
1. Caloric Restriction 2. ICE + Caloric Restriction |
Air | 5 d/wk | 4 °C | 1.5 h | 3 wks |
| 2021 | Soberg | [16] | Humans | 1. Controls 2. Winter Swimmers |
Winter swimming | 2–3 d/wk | NA | 11 min | At least 1 season |
| 2021 | Zhang | [37] | Rats | 1. Control 2. ICE |
Air | daily | 10 °C | 4 h | 2 wks |
| 2022 | McKie | [38] | Obese Mice | 1. HFD 2. ICE + HFD |
Air | 5 d/wk | 4 °C | 1 h | 4 wks |
| 2023 | Weng | [39] | Obese Rats | 1. Control 2. Exercise 3. ACE 4. ACE + Exercise 5. CCE 6. CCE + Exercise 7. ICE 8. ICE + Exercise |
Air | daily | 3–4 °C | 4 h | 5 wks |
| 2023 | Nema | [9] | Humans (Soldiers) | 1. Control Pre vs. Post 2. ICE Pre vs. Post |
CWI and CS | CWI ≥ 1/wk CS ≥ 4/wk |
CWI ≤ 6 °C CS ≤ 10 °C |
CWI ≥3 min CS ≥ 30 s |
8 wks |
Legend: chronic cold exposure (CCE), intermittent cold exposure (ICE), acute cold exposure (ACE), cold water immersion (CWI), cold shower (CS), not applicable (NA), high-fat diet (HFD).