Figure 3.

Evaluation of protein expression by Western blot analysis on shikonin-treated chemoresistant sublines. The signaling pathways of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt and p70s6k were examined to determine the shikonin-regulated kinase on (A) A549/D16 and (B) A549/V16 cells. Meanwhile, the proteins of Nanog, Oct4, CD44, and CD133 affected by shikonin were also evaluated. The degradation of PARP into c-PARP indicates the presence of apoptotic cell death.