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. 2023 Dec 28;25(1):425. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010425

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Flowchart for elevated CSF-CXCL13. This flowchart represents an overview for clinicians of how they could integrate elevated CSF-CXCL13 in their clinical routine for various neurological disorders based on our patient cohort. EBV: Epstein–Barr virus, MS: multiple sclerosis, I-UP: neuroinfectious diseases of unknown pathogen, NBD: Neuro-Behçet’s disease, TBE: tick-borne meningoencephalitis, STR: streptococcus, STAPH: staphylococcus, VZV: varicella zoster virus, CIS: clinically isolated syndrome, VASC: CNS-vasculitis, AIE: autoimmune encephalitis, NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, NS: neurosarcoidosis, PNS: paraneoplastic syndrome (other than limbic encephalitis), HSV-1: herpes simplex virus-1, TBC: tuberculosis, NL: neurosyphilis, BCL: B-cell lymphoma, KRY: cryptococcosis, LNB: Lyme neuroborreliosis, ON: optic neuritis.