Table 4.

Advantages and limitations of CSF-CXCL13 in different neurological disorders.

Neurological Disorder/Disease	Advantages	Limitations
Neuroborreliosis (LNB)	-Marker of very early LNB (before measurement of Bb-specific AI) [49,50] -Discriminative marker between past and acute infection (indicates an active infection and need for therapy) [49,50] -High diagnostic accuracy at a cut-off of 428.92 pg/mL (sensitivity 92.1%, specificity 96.5%) -Marker of treatment response	-High elevation also in possible differential diagnoses (cryptococcus meningitis, neurosyphilis, aspergillosis with CNS involvement)
Neuroinfectious diseases (other than LNB)	-Marker of disease severity -Useful marker for differential diagnosis of infections of unknown origin	-No differentiation between various pathogens
MS/ON/CIS/NMOSD	-Marker of clinical (acute relapse) and radiographic (new contrast-enhancing T1 lesions) disease activity	-No differentiation between autoimmune CNS disease and acute neuroinfectious disease
Autoimmune (limbic) encephalitis/paraneoplastic syndrome	-Marker of treatment response [20] -Clinical activity marker [20]	-No differentiation between autoimmune CNS disease and acute neuroinfectious disease
Primary/secondary B-cell CNS lymphoma	-Marker of treatment response [19]	-Very high CSF-CXCL13 values (similar to LNB)

MS: multiple sclerosis, ON: optic neuritis, CIS: clinically isolated syndrome, NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease.