Table 1.
Summary of Rab proteins participating in the regulation of exosome biogenesis.
| Rab Proteins | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|
| Rab5 | Recruiting a series of effectors to early endosomes and mediating the fusion of newly formed endocytic vesicles with early endosomes and the homotypic fusion of early endosomes | [29] |
| Rab7 | Involved in the Rab cascade reaction | [92,93] |
| Rab10 | Regulating microfilament bundling on vesicles through its effector microfilament bundling protein EHBP-1 | [86] |
| Rab27A/B | Promoting the targeting of MVEs to the cell periphery and their docking at the plasma membrane | [91] |
| Rab11A | Promoting docking and fusion of MVBs in a calcium-dependent manner | [98] |
| Rab35 | Switching on OCRL recruitment on newborn endosomes, post-scission PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, and subsequent endosomal trafficking | [94,95,96,97] |
| Rab31 | Contact with flotillin proteins in lipid raft microdomains drives epidermal growth factor receptors into MVE to form ILV while recruiting the GTPase-activating protein TBC1D2B to inactivate Rab7, thereby preventing MVE fusion with the lysosome and allowing ILV to be secreted as an exosome | [7] |
| Rab22A | Localizing to early endosomes and participating in sorting and recycling of molecular cargos internalized by clathrin-dependent and -independent mechanisms | [100,103] |