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. 2023 Dec 24;25(1):284. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010284

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Volcano plots and metabolite heatmaps of differential metabolites. (A,B): Volcano plots of differential metabolites in (A) negative and (B) positive polarity mode. Significant difference for the p value on vertical ordinate (Base 10 logarithmic transformation). Red represents up-regulation, green represents down-regulation in the HE group, gray represents that there is no distinguished difference between the HE group and the control group, and VIP represents the importance projection value of this substance obtained in the PLS-DA model between different groups.