Table 4.

Univariable hazard ratio (HR) for the associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with all-cause mortality rate following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Characteristic	Sample	Death	HR	95% CI	p-Value
Age group (years)
<50	233	5	1
50–59	730	28	2.71	0.63, 11.65	0.179
60–69	1094	56	3.46	0.83, 14.37	0.088
70–79	555	53	7.45	1.80, 30.84	0.006
≥80	89	20	18.04	4.13, 78.92	0.001
Sex
Male	1987	114	1
Female	714	48	0.92	0.60, 1.41	0.700
Residential area
Urban	2075	112	1
Rural	626	50	1.89	1.24, 2.67	0.002
Body mass index
Normal	1092	67	1
Overweight	1141	58	0.97	0.64, 1.48	0.900
Obese	468	37	1.29	0.78, 2.11	0.319
Smoking status
Never or past	1889	116	1
Current	812	46	1.17	0.79, 1.73	0.429
Opium use
No	1933	112	1
Yes	768	50	1.56	1.06, 2.28	0.023
Ejection fraction
≥50%	1531	47	1
<50%	1170	115	1.82	1.21, 2.73	0.004
Hypertension
No	1362	71	1
Yes	1339	91	1.05	0.73, 1.52	0.784
Percutaneous coronary intervention
No	2582	155	1
Yes	119	7	0.77	0.28, 2.09	0.607
Myocardial infarction
No	2277	129	1
Yes	424	33	1.11	0.69, 1.77	0.666
Coronary artery disease
1 or 2 vessels	745	34	1
3 or more vessels	1956	128	1.45	0.92, 2.30	0.109
Post-CABG arrhythmia
No	2649	150	1
Yes	52	12	0.90	0.22, 3.60	0.870
Pre-CABG arrhythmia
No	2454	134	1
Yes	247	28	1.68	0.99, 2.86	0.055
Use of beta-blocker
No	1829	116	1
Yes	872	46	0.54	0.35, 0.83	0.005
History of stroke
No	2627	146	1
Yes	74	16	4.02	2.29, 7.04	0.001
Cardiopulmonary bypass
On-Pump	2152	126	1
Off-Pump	549	36	1.52	0.99, 2.33	0.056
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
No	2532	151	1
Yes	169	11	0.89	0.41, 1.91	0.765
Readmission times
0	2352	115	1
1	268	32	2.60	1.65, 4.09	0.001
≤2	81	15	2.88	1.49, 5.58	0.002
Atrial fibrillation
No	2649	52	1
Yes	150	12	0.98	0.22, 3.60	0.870