Figure 9.

Neuroprotective effect of carnosic acid (CA) against the H₂O₂-induced cell damage in UN- and RA-SH-SY5Y under various experimental mediums (DMEM vs. NB). The UN- and RA-SH-SY5Y cells growing overnight in neuroblastoma (DMEM), or neuronal (NB) experimental medium were treated either with vehicle or with CA (0.1–10 μM) in combination with H₂O₂ (375 and 500 μM for UN- and RA-SH-SY5Y cells, respectively) for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by WST-1 assay. Data after normalization to vehicle-treated cells (100%) are presented as a mean ± SEM. The number of independent experiments (n) is indicated in each graph. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated cells; # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. H₂O₂- treated cells.