Table 2.
Clinical trials of ischemic conditioning and clinical outcome in STEMI patients.
| First Author, year | Patients (IC/Control) | Time of IC | Procedure | Endpoint | Outcome (p-Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stiermaier et al., 2019 [72] | RIC+ postC + PCI (232) vs. PostC + PCI (232) vs. PCI only (232) | pre: started directly after hospital admission post: within 1 min of reperfusion |
RIC upper limb 3 cycles (5/5 min) PostC: 4 cycles (30/30 s) |
combined endpoint of cardiac death, reinfarction, and new HF at 3.6 years | 40% reduction RIC + PostC (0.04) no difference PostC alone (0.41) |
| Sloth et al., 2014 [73] | 166/167 | during ambulance transfer | RIC upper limb 4 cycles (5/5 min) | MACCE at 3.8 years (death, MI, readmission for HF, IS, TIA) | 47% reduction (0.018) |
| Madsen et al., 2022 [74] (follow-up of DANAMI-3-iPOST | 617/617 | immediately after initial reperfusion | PostC 4 cycles (30/30 s) | all-cause death and hospitalization for HF at a median of 4.8 years | 32% reduction (0.023) |
| Gaspar et al., 2018 [75] (RIC-STEMI) | 231/217 | 10 min before the estimated balloon inflation | RIC lower limb 3 cycles (5/5 min) | combination of cardiac mortality and hospitalization for HF after 2.1 years | 57% reduction (0.010) |
| Cheskes et al., 2020 [76] | 866/801 | earliest possible time after a STEMI was identified (either prehospital or ER) | RIC upper limb 4 cycles (5/5 min) | MACE at 90 d | no difference (0.250) |
| Eitel et al., 2015 [48] (LIPSIA CONDITIONING) | RIC+ postC + PCI (230) vs. PostC + PCI (231) vs. PCI only (230) | pre: started directly after hospital admission post: within 1 min of reperfusion |
pre: RIC upper limb 3 cycles (5/5 min) post: PostC 4 cycles (30/30 s) |
MACE at 6 months | no difference (0.400) |
| Hausenloy et al., 2019 [77] (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) | 2546/2569 | during ambulance transfer or upon arrival at the hospital | RIC upper limb 4 cycles (5/5 min) | composite of cardiac death or hospitalization for HF within 12 months | no difference (0.320) |
| Bainey et al., 2022 [62] | 129/123 | initiated as soon as possible and continued during PCI | RIC upper limb 4 cycles (5/5 min) | composite of death, HF, cardiogenic shock, MI at 12 months | no difference (0.110) |
| Hahn et al., 2015 [78] (POST) | 550/550 | within 1 min of reperfusion | PostC 4 cycles (60/60 s) | death, MI, severe HF, or stent thrombosis at 12 months | no difference (0.400) |
| Engstrøm et al., 2017 [79] (DANAMI-3-iPOST | 617/617 | immediately after initial reperfusion | PostC 4 cycles (30/30 s) | all-cause death and hospitalization for HF at 38 months | no difference (0.660) |
HF: heart failure, MACCE: major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event, MACE: major adverse cardiac event, MI: myocardial infarction, PostC: local ischemic postconditioning, RIC: remote ischemic conditioning.