Table 1.
Baseline and operative characteristics of patients, aged between 40 and 65 years, with IE treated with mechanical versus biological aortic valve prostheses.
| Variables | Mechanical Valve (N = 268) |
Biological Valve (N = 281) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, median [IQR]) | 52.00 [45.37, 57.56] | 57.00 [48.74, 62.00] | <0.001 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 64 (23.9) | 40 (14.2) | 0.006 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 64 (23.9) | 75 (26.7) | 0.510 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 23 (8.6) | 32 (11.4) | 0.341 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 18 (6.7) | 22 (7.8) | 0.736 |
| COPD, n (%) | 13 (4.9) | 16 (5.7) | 0.802 |
| Drug abuse, n (%) | 14 (5.2) | 13 (4.6) | 0.900 |
| Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 8 (3.0) | 14 (5.0) | 0.330 |
| LVEF (%, mean (SD)) | 54.94 (8.45) | 54.22 (9.47) | 0.346 |
| Peripheral arteriopathy, n (%) | 8 (3.0) | 13 (4.6) | 0.436 |
| Preoperative stroke, n (%) | 30 (11.2) | 34 (12.1) | 0.843 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 28 (10.4) | 59 (21.0) | 0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 13 (4.9) | 27 (9.6) | 0.048 |
| Acute myocardial infarction (within 90 days), n (%) | 3 (1.1) | 4 (1.4) | 1.000 |
| Active endocarditis, n (%) | 205 (76.5) | 226 (80.4) | 0.309 |
| Preoperative MV, n (%) | 8 (3.0) | 28 (10.0) | 0.002 |
| Pulmonary hypertension (<50 mmHg), n (%) | 15 (5.6) | 19 (6.8) | 0.697 |
| CKD, n (%) | 26 (9.7) | 28 (10.0) | 1.000 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 11 (4.1) | 11 (3.9) | 1.000 |
| IABP, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (1.8) | 0.241 |
| Preoperative pacemaker implantation, n (%) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (2.1) | 0.317 |
| NVE, n (%) | 267 (99.6) | 281 (100) | 1.000 |
| PVE, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| Abscess, n (%) | 27 (10.1) | 43 (15.3) | 0.088 |
| Large vegetation (>1 cm), n (%) | 121 (45.1) | 102 (36.3) | 0.043 |
| Leaflet perforation, n (%) | 29 (10.8) | 50 (17.8) | 0.027 |
| Paravalvular leak, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 1.000 |
| CABG, n (%) | 0.367 | ||
| 0 | 257 (95.9) | 265 (94.3) | |
| 1 | 9 (3.3) | 12 (4.3) | |
| 2 | 1 (0.4) | 4 (1.4) | |
| ≥3 | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Logistic Euroscore (median [IQR]) | 4.68 [2.78, 8.90] | 6.45 [3.62, 13.61] | 0.005 |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min, mean (SD)) | 79.26 (33.47) | 90.94 (49.47) | 0.004 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min, mean (SD)) | 63.53 (23.62) | 73.39 (34.97) | 0.001 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MV, mechanical ventilation; NVE, native valve endocarditis; PVE, prosthetic valve endocarditis.