Table 2.
Causative agents of IE.
| Causative Agent | Mechanical Valve (N = 268) |
Biological Valve (N = 281) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Culture negative endocarditis, n (%) | 84 (31.3) | 83 (29.5) | 0.714 |
| Streptococci, n (%) | 55 (20.5) | 61 (21.7) | 0.814 |
| Staphylococcus aureus, n (%) | 34 (12.7) | 37 (13.5) | 0.600 |
| Viridans group streptococci *, n (%) | 30 (11.2) | 28 (10.0) | 0.742 |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci *, n (%) | 23 (8.6) | 20 (7.1) | 0.632 |
| Gram-negative bacteria (non HACEK), n (%) | 5 (1.9) | 9 (3.2) | 0.470 |
| Nutritionally variant streptococci *, n (%) | 2 (0.7) | 3 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Candida spp., n (%) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 0.967 |
| HACEK group *, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.981 |
| Enterococcus faecalis, n (%) | 1 (0.004) | 1 (0.004) | 1.000 |
| Other organisms, n (%) | 32 (11.9) | 37 (13.2) | 0.591 |
All etiological diagnoses of surgically treated IE were made through cultures. No diagnosis was made through molecular analysis of cultures. No diagnosis was made through molecular methods, and there were no serological diagnoses of Coxiella burnetii endocarditis in operated patients. * Viridans group streptococci included Streptococcus bovis group, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus penumoniae; Coagulase-negative staphylococci included Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Nutritionally variant streptococci included Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella adiacens; HACEK group included Haemophilus species, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae.