Table 3.

Evaluation of the included studies using the Downs and Black checklist.

Article	Reporting	External Validity	Internal Validity Bias	Internal Validity Confounding	Power	Total Score
Aletto C et al., 2022 [27]	7	3	5	3	0	18
Barfod KW et al., 2019 [28]	8	3	5	3	0	19
Baria M et al., 2022 [29]	10	3	5	5	1	24
Boric I et al., 2019 [30]	9	3	4	3	0	19
Mautner K et al., 2019 [45]	8	3	5	4	0	20
Cattaneo G et al., 2018 [31]	10	3	5	3	0	21
Dallo I et al., 2021 [32]	10	3	6	5	1	25
Fan F et al., 2023 [33]	7	3	6	3	0	19
Ferracini R et al., 2022 [34]	11	3	5	4	1	24
Giorgini A et al., 2022 [35]	11	3	5	4	0	23
Gobbi A et al., 2023 [37]	10	3	6	5	1	25
Gobbi A et al., 2021 [36]	10	3	5	3	1	22
Heidari N et al., 2021 [38]	10	3	5	4	0	22
Heidari N et al., 2020 [39]	9	3	5	3	0	20
Hudetz D et al., 2019 [40]	9	3	5	3	0	20
Hudetz D et al., 2017 [41]	10	3	5	3	0	21
Kaszyński J et al., 2022 [42]	9	3	6	4	1	23
Magnanelli M et al., 2020 [44]	4	2	4	3	0	13
Malanga GA et al., 2021 [43]	10	3	5	3	0	21
Miles MR et al., 2022 [46]	11	2	5	4	0	22
Panchal J et al., 2018 [47]	7	3	5	2	0	17
Peretti GM et al., 2018 [48]	7	3	4	3	0	17
Priano V et al., 2022 [50]	9	3	5	3	0	20
Russo A et al., 2017 [51]	10	3	5	3	0	21
Russo A et al., 2018 [52]	9	3	5	3	0	20
Santoprete S et al., 2021 [53]	9	3	4	3	0	19
Screpis D et al., 2022 [54]	11	3	5	4	0	23
Ulivi M et al., 2022 [55]	10	3	5	4	1	23
Van Genechten W et al., 2021 [56]	10	3	5	4	0	22
Vasso M et al., 2022 [57]	11	2	5	4	0	22
Zaffagnini S et al., 2022 [59]	11	3	6	5	1	26
Pintore A et al., 2023 [49]	10	2	4	3	0	19
Yu Y et al., 2023 [58]	9	2	6	3	1	21