Table 3.

Comparison of the proposed filter’s properties with those of mixed-mode universal filters.

Factor	Proposed	[29]	[32]	[45]	[51]	[59]	[60]	[61]
Number of active devices	4-DDTA	3-DDCC	1-FDCCII, 1-DDCC	2-VDBA	3-VDBA	5-OTA	8-OTA	5-DDTA
Realization	0.18 µm CMOS	0.25 µm CMOS	0.18 µm CMOS	0.18 µm CMOS	0.18 µm CMOS	0.18 µm CMOS	0.18 µm CMOS	0.18 µm CMOS
Number of passive devices	2-C	2-C, 3-R	2-C, 6-R	2-C, 2-R	2-C, 1-R	2-C	2-C	2-C
Type of filter	MIMO	MISO	MIMO	MIMO	MIMO	MISO	MIMO	MIMO
Total number of offered responses	61	30	36	17	20	20	20	36
Each mode offers five standard responses	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Orthogonal control of ${\omega }_o$ and $Q$	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Electronic control of ${\omega }_o$	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
All passive devices grounded	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
High input impedances for VM	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
No need for input matching conditions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
No need for inverting input conditions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Power supply (V)	0.5	±1.25	±0.9	±0.75	±1.25	±0.9	±0.3	1.2
Power dissipation (mW)	0.281 × 10−3	-	-	0.373	5.482	0.1773	0.00577	0.33
Natural frequency (kHz)	0.211	3.315 × 103	1.591 × 103	1.44 × 103	16.32 × 103	3.39 × 103	5	1.04
Total harmonic distortion (%)	1@300 mVpp (LPF)	0.723@60 µApp	2.2@300 mVpp	2.2@200 mVpp	<4@350 mVpp (HPF)	-	2@120 mVpp (LPF)	1.09@650 mVpp
Dynamic range (dB)	58.23	-	-	-	-	-	53.2	-
Verification of result	Sim	Sim	Sim	Sim/Exp	Sim/Exp	Sim	Sim	Sim/Exp

Note: MIMO = multiple-input multiple-output, MISO = multiple-input single-output.