. 2023 Dec 19;16(1):2. doi: 10.3390/polym16010002

Table 11.

FRP mechanical characteristics according to Wavistrong Engineering [105].

Property	Symbol	Test Method	Winding Angle (ω)			Unit
Property	Symbol	Test Method	55°	63°	73°	Unit
Axial tensile stress	E_x	ASTM D 2105	65	55	40	MPa
Axial tensile modulus	E_x	ASTM D 2105	10,500	10,000	10,000	MPa
Hoop tensile stress		ASTM D 2290	210	260	400	MPa
Hoop tensile modulus		ASTM D 2290	20,500	27,500	37,000	MPa
Shear modulus	E_s		11,500	9500	7000	MPa
Axial bending stress	E_x	ASTM D 2925	80	65	50	MPa
Axial bending modulus	E_x	ASTM D 2925	10,500	10,000	10,000	MPa
Hoop bending stress	E_H	ASTM D 2412	90	120	160	MPa
Hoop bending modulus	E_H	ASTM D 2412	20,500	27,500	37,000	MPa
Poisson ratio axial/hoop	N_XY		0.65	0.62	0.47	-
Poisson ratio hoop/axial	N_YX		0.38	0.26	0.15	-